﻿62 
  A. 
  B. 
  WYNNE 
  ON 
  SOME 
  FEATURES 
  IN 
  THE 
  

  

  called 
  infra-Triassic. 
  The 
  Triassic 
  beds 
  are, 
  again, 
  unconformably 
  

   succeeded 
  by 
  Jurassic 
  limestones, 
  Cretaceous 
  limestones, 
  and 
  a 
  mass 
  

   of 
  Nummulitic 
  limestone 
  and 
  sbaly 
  strata, 
  all 
  three 
  resting 
  conform- 
  

   ably, 
  the 
  newer 
  on 
  the 
  older. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  Trias 
  upwards 
  and 
  inclusive, 
  the 
  rocks 
  consist 
  so 
  largely 
  

   of 
  limestones 
  that 
  the 
  country 
  formed 
  of 
  these 
  Secondary 
  and 
  older 
  

   Tertiary 
  strata 
  may 
  be 
  comprehensively 
  spoken 
  of 
  as 
  a 
  zone 
  of 
  

   limestone 
  hills 
  or 
  " 
  Hill-limestones." 
  Exterior 
  to 
  this 
  zone 
  is 
  

   another 
  of 
  hills 
  (occasionally 
  high) 
  and 
  broken 
  plains 
  composed 
  of 
  

   a 
  mass 
  of 
  sandstones 
  and 
  clays, 
  with 
  conglomerates, 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  

   enormous 
  ^hickness 
  and 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  age. 
  These 
  sandstones, 
  clays, 
  

   and 
  conglomerates 
  have 
  been 
  subdivided 
  in 
  this 
  and 
  in 
  other 
  dis- 
  

   tricts 
  into 
  groups, 
  among 
  which 
  Eocene 
  (Nummulitic) 
  and 
  Miocene 
  

   (Sivalik) 
  stages 
  have 
  been 
  recognized. 
  

  

  3. 
  The 
  relation 
  of 
  this 
  outer 
  zone 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  hill-limestones, 
  is 
  

   to 
  form 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  subjects 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  communication. 
  

  

  4. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  is 
  known 
  to 
  the 
  writer, 
  the 
  belt 
  of 
  Tertiary 
  sand- 
  

   stones, 
  clays, 
  and 
  conglomerates 
  just 
  now 
  mentioned 
  passes 
  along 
  

   the 
  whole 
  southern 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  Himalayan 
  Mountains, 
  beneath 
  the 
  

   thick 
  alluvial 
  accumulations 
  of 
  the 
  plains, 
  from 
  Assam 
  to 
  Afghanis- 
  

   tan, 
  with 
  but 
  one 
  exception, 
  where 
  an 
  outer 
  edge 
  to 
  the 
  belt 
  is 
  

   seen 
  brought 
  up 
  on 
  the 
  northern 
  flanks 
  of 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  in 
  the 
  

   Punjab 
  and 
  along 
  its 
  tortuous 
  extension 
  trans-Indus. 
  The 
  width 
  

   of 
  the 
  belt 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Punjab 
  is 
  thus 
  fixed 
  at 
  from 
  50 
  to 
  

   60 
  miles 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  decreases 
  westward 
  and 
  turns 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  along 
  

   the 
  Indian 
  flanks 
  of 
  the 
  Suliman 
  Mountains. 
  

  

  Beneath 
  the 
  outer 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  belt 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  partly 
  

   repeats 
  the 
  systems 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Himalayan 
  hills, 
  but 
  with 
  very 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  differences 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  number 
  and 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  formations, 
  

   and 
  also 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  lithological 
  or 
  petrological 
  and 
  palasontological 
  

   characters*. 
  

  

  Beyond 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  to 
  the 
  southward 
  stretch 
  the 
  flat 
  deserts 
  

   of 
  the 
  Punjab 
  and 
  Sind, 
  broken 
  only 
  by 
  a 
  small 
  cluster 
  of 
  elevations 
  

   called 
  the 
  Korana 
  hills, 
  the 
  rocks 
  of 
  which, 
  according 
  to 
  Dr. 
  

   Fleming 
  (Journal 
  Asiatic 
  Soc. 
  Beng. 
  vol. 
  xxii. 
  1853, 
  p. 
  444) 
  appear 
  

   to 
  belong 
  to 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  older 
  groups, 
  perhaps 
  older 
  than 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  

   Salt-range 
  rocks, 
  and 
  not 
  far 
  removed 
  from 
  the 
  Metamorphic 
  or 
  

   Crystalline 
  series. 
  

  

  5. 
  Geological 
  information 
  in 
  a 
  published 
  form 
  respecting 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   trict 
  under 
  notice 
  is 
  rather 
  scanty 
  and 
  uncertain; 
  but 
  the 
  whole 
  region 
  

   lies 
  within 
  the 
  area 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Albert 
  Verchere's 
  map 
  appended 
  to 
  his 
  

   voluminous 
  paper 
  read 
  before 
  the 
  Asiatic 
  Society 
  of 
  Bengal 
  (1866- 
  

   67). 
  Dr. 
  Fleming's 
  reports, 
  previously 
  alluded 
  to, 
  treat 
  of 
  the 
  Salt 
  

   range 
  only 
  ; 
  and 
  a 
  small 
  memoir 
  on 
  the 
  Geology 
  of 
  Sir 
  Ban 
  Mountain, 
  

   near 
  Abbottabad 
  (Mem. 
  Geological 
  Surv. 
  Ind. 
  vol. 
  viii.) 
  deals 
  chiefly 
  

   with 
  the 
  local 
  geology 
  of 
  that 
  mountain. 
  Some 
  official 
  correspond- 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  comparison 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  as 
  yet 
  fully 
  worked 
  out 
  ; 
  but 
  enough 
  of 
  evi- 
  

   dence 
  has 
  been 
  collected 
  to 
  warrant 
  this 
  statement, 
  the 
  paheontological 
  differ- 
  

   ences 
  noticed 
  having 
  been 
  confirmed 
  by 
  Dr. 
  W. 
  Waagen's 
  inspection 
  of 
  the 
  

   rocks, 
  in 
  company 
  with 
  the 
  writer. 
  

  

  