﻿PHYSICAL 
  GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  UPPER 
  PUNJAB. 
  63 
  

  

  ence 
  with, 
  the 
  local 
  government, 
  and. 
  a 
  Report 
  by 
  Mr. 
  H. 
  B. 
  Medli- 
  

   cott, 
  in 
  1859, 
  on 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  coal 
  said 
  to 
  exist 
  in 
  the 
  Murree 
  hills, 
  

   have 
  been 
  printed 
  ; 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  other 
  scattered 
  geological 
  allusions 
  

   to 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  none 
  of 
  these, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  writer 
  is 
  

   aware, 
  are 
  the 
  structural 
  relations 
  between 
  the 
  different 
  rock-groups 
  

   discussed 
  at 
  length 
  or 
  with 
  any 
  accuracy 
  of 
  detail*. 
  

  

  The 
  nearest 
  places 
  to 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  systemati- 
  

   cally 
  explored 
  by 
  officers 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  of 
  India, 
  are, 
  first, 
  

   the 
  Himalayan 
  regions 
  for 
  many 
  miles 
  north-west 
  and 
  south-west 
  of 
  

   Simla, 
  lying 
  between 
  the 
  rivers 
  Ganges 
  and 
  Ravee 
  (which 
  may 
  be 
  

   called 
  the 
  Simla 
  area), 
  examined 
  and 
  ably 
  reported 
  upon 
  by 
  Mr. 
  H. 
  

   B. 
  Medlicott 
  (Mem. 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  Ind. 
  vol. 
  iii. 
  pt. 
  2) 
  ; 
  and, 
  secondly, 
  

   a 
  region 
  situated 
  further 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  the 
  N.W. 
  Himalaya, 
  

   explored 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Stoliczkaf 
  (see 
  Mem. 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  Ind. 
  vols. 
  iii. 
  & 
  v.). 
  

  

  These 
  two 
  regions, 
  however, 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  wide 
  gap, 
  including 
  

   the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  Kashmere, 
  from 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab, 
  which 
  

   the 
  researches 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Drew 
  (for 
  some 
  years 
  geologically 
  employed 
  by 
  

   the 
  Kashmere 
  government) 
  would 
  doubtless, 
  if 
  published, 
  go 
  far 
  to 
  

   fill 
  up 
  in 
  a 
  satisfactory 
  manner. 
  Something 
  is 
  already 
  known 
  of 
  this 
  

   intervening 
  country 
  from 
  the 
  papers 
  of 
  Major 
  Godwin-Austen 
  and 
  

   others 
  published 
  by 
  the 
  Geological 
  Society, 
  from 
  Dr. 
  Verchere's 
  

   paper 
  already 
  mentioned, 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  other 
  sources, 
  but 
  not 
  sufficient 
  

   to 
  enable 
  the 
  formations 
  and 
  groups 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  to 
  be 
  connected 
  

   across 
  so 
  great 
  an 
  interval, 
  though 
  intermediate 
  links 
  undoubtedly 
  

   exist. 
  

  

  6. 
  In 
  order 
  to 
  present 
  a 
  concise 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  rocks 
  entering 
  into 
  

   the 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab 
  and 
  N.W. 
  Himalaya, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  

   yet 
  definitely 
  ascertained, 
  the 
  local 
  series 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  are 
  placed, 
  

   in 
  the 
  table 
  opposite, 
  side 
  by 
  side 
  with 
  the 
  classifications 
  of 
  Mr. 
  

   Medlicott 
  and 
  Dr. 
  Stoliczka, 
  as 
  given 
  in 
  the 
  memoirs 
  referred 
  to. 
  

  

  This 
  table 
  will 
  show 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  outer 
  Himalaya 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Pun- 
  

   jab, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Salt 
  range, 
  several 
  geological 
  formations 
  are 
  

   represented. 
  Five 
  of 
  these 
  likewise 
  occur 
  in 
  Dr. 
  Stoliczka's 
  classifi- 
  

   cation 
  of 
  the 
  "Western 
  Central 
  Himalayan 
  sections 
  ; 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  Simla 
  

   area, 
  from 
  want 
  of 
  palseontological 
  evidence, 
  while 
  there 
  are 
  eleven 
  

   groups 
  distinguished, 
  the 
  Eocene 
  and 
  Miocene 
  formations 
  only 
  are 
  

   identified. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  suggestion 
  doubtfully 
  put 
  forward 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   Medlicott, 
  partly 
  on 
  the 
  authority 
  of 
  the 
  MM. 
  Schlagintweit, 
  that 
  

   the 
  Krol 
  rocks 
  may 
  be 
  Nummulitic, 
  though 
  his 
  observations 
  tended 
  

   to 
  negative 
  this 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  also 
  thought 
  not 
  unlikely 
  that 
  they 
  

   may 
  be 
  Triassic 
  ; 
  but 
  of 
  the 
  ages 
  of 
  the 
  groups 
  below 
  nothing 
  is 
  

   known. 
  

  

  Major 
  Godwin-Austen, 
  Messrs. 
  Davidson, 
  Etheridge, 
  S. 
  P. 
  Wood- 
  

   ward, 
  Dr. 
  Verchere, 
  and 
  M. 
  de 
  Verneuil 
  have 
  shown 
  that 
  Carboni- 
  

   ferous 
  Limestone 
  occurs 
  in 
  Kashmere, 
  and, 
  according 
  to 
  Drs. 
  Ver- 
  

  

  * 
  Since 
  the 
  above 
  was 
  written, 
  a 
  short 
  paper 
  by 
  the 
  writer 
  on 
  the 
  geology 
  of 
  

   this 
  region 
  has 
  appeared 
  in 
  the 
  Eecords 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  Ind. 
  vol. 
  vi. 
  part 
  3, 
  p. 
  59. 
  

  

  t 
  Dr. 
  Stoliczka's 
  deputation 
  with 
  the 
  present 
  expedition 
  to 
  Yarkand, 
  will, 
  it 
  

   is 
  expected, 
  much 
  extend 
  his 
  former 
  valuable 
  researches, 
  with 
  which 
  his 
  new 
  

   observations 
  will 
  form 
  an 
  interesting 
  and 
  connected 
  series. 
  

  

  g2 
  

  

  