﻿64 
  A. 
  B. 
  WYNNE 
  ON 
  SOME 
  FEATURES 
  IN 
  THE 
  

  

  chere 
  and 
  Stoliczka, 
  very 
  possibly 
  Triassic 
  rocks 
  also. 
  In 
  this 
  

   territory, 
  too, 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  the 
  granitoid 
  and 
  schistose 
  rocks 
  of 
  

   Hazara 
  in 
  the 
  Upper 
  Punjab 
  has 
  been 
  ascertained, 
  and 
  likewise 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  Tertiary 
  belt 
  of 
  sandstones, 
  clays, 
  &c, 
  while 
  the 
  

   Krol 
  limestone 
  has 
  been 
  conjecturally 
  identified 
  in 
  the 
  feudatory 
  

   state 
  of 
  Poonch, 
  to 
  the 
  south-west 
  of 
  the 
  Kashmere 
  valley, 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   Medlicott. 
  

  

  7. 
  There 
  can 
  be 
  scarcely 
  a 
  doubt 
  that 
  several 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Medlicott's 
  

   divisions 
  of 
  his 
  sub-Himalayan 
  series 
  are 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  Upper 
  

   Punjab 
  ; 
  indeed 
  we 
  have 
  the 
  advantage 
  of 
  his 
  personal 
  identifica- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  in 
  this 
  district, 
  and 
  also, 
  among 
  the 
  next 
  older 
  

   rocks, 
  his 
  provisional 
  recognition 
  of 
  the 
  Krol 
  limestone 
  near 
  Murree. 
  

   To 
  attempt 
  a 
  further 
  comparison 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  

   Punjab 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Simla 
  area, 
  until 
  organic 
  remains 
  have 
  

   been 
  found, 
  would 
  be 
  little 
  better 
  than 
  guess-work; 
  they 
  have 
  

   therefore 
  been 
  bracketed 
  in 
  the 
  table; 
  but 
  the 
  Infra-Blini 
  rocks 
  

   seem, 
  from 
  description, 
  to 
  resemble 
  those 
  we 
  have 
  called 
  the 
  Attock 
  

   slates. 
  If 
  this 
  could 
  be 
  established, 
  resemblances 
  might 
  also 
  be 
  

   found 
  among 
  the 
  Metamorphic 
  and 
  Crystalline 
  groups. 
  

  

  With 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  older 
  than 
  Tertiary, 
  it 
  

   appears 
  strange 
  that 
  the 
  more 
  central 
  Himalayan 
  regions 
  traversed 
  

   by 
  Dr. 
  Stoliczka 
  should 
  present 
  a 
  closer 
  analogy 
  to 
  the 
  outer 
  

   Himalaya 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  under 
  notice 
  than 
  the 
  Simla 
  area 
  does 
  ; 
  but 
  

   from 
  the 
  table 
  given 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  such 
  is 
  the 
  case. 
  

  

  8. 
  The 
  physical 
  conditions 
  of 
  the 
  Upper-Punjab 
  rocks, 
  both 
  in 
  the 
  

   Salt 
  range 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  outer 
  Himalayan 
  hills, 
  include 
  contortion 
  

   and 
  faulting; 
  but 
  the 
  disturbance, 
  in 
  part 
  at 
  least, 
  of 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  

   has 
  been 
  much 
  less 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  hills, 
  and 
  differs 
  somewhat 
  in 
  

   kind. 
  For 
  instance, 
  in 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  complexities 
  are 
  

   produced 
  by 
  extensive 
  land-slippage 
  of 
  ground 
  previously 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  the 
  scene 
  of 
  disturbance, 
  while 
  in 
  " 
  the 
  hills 
  " 
  intense 
  contor- 
  

   tion, 
  inversion, 
  and 
  faulting 
  have 
  taken 
  place. 
  A 
  feature 
  common 
  to 
  

   both 
  localities 
  is 
  the 
  prevalence 
  of 
  dips 
  towards 
  the 
  more 
  elevated 
  

   masses 
  of 
  the 
  Himalaya 
  and 
  Hindoo 
  Koosh 
  Mountains 
  *. 
  

  

  The 
  intervening 
  Tertiary 
  sandstone, 
  clay, 
  and 
  conglomerate 
  zone, 
  

   where 
  the 
  ground 
  has 
  a 
  plain 
  or 
  plateau 
  form, 
  frequently 
  presents 
  

   nearly 
  as 
  much 
  -contorted 
  disturbance 
  as 
  either 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  or 
  

   the 
  outer 
  Himalayan 
  hills. 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  Upper 
  Punjab 
  country 
  too, 
  the 
  normal 
  Himalayan 
  strike 
  

   of 
  the 
  rocks 
  and 
  ranges 
  alters 
  abruptly 
  in 
  the 
  Jhilam 
  valley 
  (as 
  

   noticed 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Medlicott) 
  from 
  a 
  bearing 
  of 
  E. 
  35° 
  S. 
  to 
  N.E. 
  and 
  

   S.W., 
  marking 
  a 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  disturbing 
  forces. 
  

   North-easterly, 
  or 
  more 
  east 
  and 
  westerly, 
  lines 
  of 
  strike 
  prevail 
  

   elsewhere 
  over 
  the 
  district, 
  except 
  towards 
  Kohat 
  and 
  the 
  Bunnoo 
  

  

  * 
  During 
  a 
  recent 
  visit 
  to 
  Kashmere 
  this 
  dip 
  towards 
  instead 
  of 
  from 
  the 
  

   great 
  mountain-axes 
  of 
  the 
  Himalaya, 
  so 
  common 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  flanks, 
  was 
  found 
  

   to 
  occur 
  also 
  in 
  the 
  chain 
  running 
  along 
  the 
  N.E. 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  where 
  the 
  

   glens 
  of 
  the 
  Sind 
  and 
  Siddur 
  and 
  other 
  rivers 
  cross 
  the 
  strike, 
  exhibiting 
  strong 
  

   dips 
  to 
  the 
  north-eastward, 
  and 
  some 
  fine 
  escarpments 
  of 
  Carboniferous 
  Lime- 
  

   stone, 
  slate, 
  and 
  other 
  rocks 
  presented 
  the 
  opposite 
  way. 
  Local 
  curves 
  over 
  axes 
  

   parallel 
  to 
  the 
  range 
  also 
  occur. 
  

  

  