﻿68 
  A. 
  B. 
  W5TNNE 
  ON 
  SOME 
  EEATTTBES 
  IN 
  THE 
  

  

  of 
  white 
  and 
  reddish 
  gypsum, 
  may 
  be 
  frequently 
  observed. 
  The 
  light- 
  

   yellow 
  earthy 
  calcareous 
  beds 
  are 
  crowded 
  with 
  Nummulites 
  and 
  

   large 
  Botalince, 
  Ostrece 
  and 
  other 
  Bivalves, 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  Gasteropods, 
  

   while 
  more 
  solid 
  limestone, 
  of 
  a 
  lavender-grey 
  colour, 
  found 
  nearer 
  

   to 
  the 
  gypsum, 
  contains 
  a 
  few 
  thin-shelled 
  Gasteropoda 
  resembling 
  

   some 
  species 
  of 
  Planorbis, 
  but 
  no 
  Nummulites 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  observed. 
  

   Near 
  these 
  latter 
  bands, 
  and 
  generally 
  not 
  far 
  removed 
  from 
  the 
  

   gypseous 
  zone, 
  the 
  beds 
  (most 
  frequently 
  those 
  which 
  are 
  calcareous 
  

   or 
  limestone), 
  are 
  in 
  places 
  impregnated 
  with 
  petroleum, 
  affording 
  a 
  

   scanty 
  supply, 
  for 
  some 
  time 
  utilized 
  in 
  lighting 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  station 
  

   of 
  Rawul 
  Pindi 
  with 
  gas. 
  

  

  11. 
  These 
  varied 
  strata 
  along 
  the 
  inner 
  or 
  mountain 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  

   zone 
  E, 
  are 
  subject 
  to 
  some 
  amount 
  of 
  change 
  both 
  as 
  to 
  quantity 
  and 
  

   composition. 
  At 
  certain 
  localities 
  the 
  dark 
  olive-coloured 
  beds 
  are 
  

   more 
  largely 
  developed, 
  containing 
  some 
  whitish 
  quartzose 
  gravelly 
  

   bands 
  ; 
  in 
  some 
  parts 
  bright 
  purple 
  clays, 
  in 
  places 
  highly 
  ferruginous, 
  

   predominate, 
  associated 
  with 
  massive 
  dark 
  bituminous 
  limestones 
  

   enclosing 
  very 
  small 
  Foraminifera, 
  and 
  closely 
  resembling 
  in 
  char- 
  

   acter 
  the 
  Nummulitic 
  " 
  Hill-limestones." 
  At 
  other 
  localities 
  the 
  

   ordinary 
  purple 
  beds 
  have 
  interstratifLed 
  with 
  them 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  layers, 
  or 
  sandstone, 
  or 
  marly 
  bands, 
  containing, 
  as 
  usual, 
  

   quantities 
  of 
  Nummulites, 
  Botalince, 
  Orbitolites 
  ?, 
  and 
  some 
  fragmen- 
  

   tary 
  bones, 
  while 
  in 
  yet 
  other 
  places 
  the 
  dark 
  olive 
  and 
  greenish 
  

   beds 
  are 
  locally 
  absent. 
  The 
  layers 
  just 
  described 
  form 
  the 
  oldest 
  

   portion 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  Himalayan 
  Tertiary 
  sandstone 
  and 
  clay 
  zone 
  

   along 
  its 
  junction 
  with 
  the 
  " 
  Hill-limestones," 
  though 
  to 
  an 
  observer 
  

   approaching 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  the 
  hills 
  the 
  almost 
  constant 
  inversion 
  of 
  

   the 
  strata 
  would 
  make 
  them 
  appear 
  newer 
  than 
  the 
  main 
  mass 
  of 
  

   the 
  subdivision 
  E, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  provisionally 
  called 
  the 
  " 
  Murree 
  

   beds 
  " 
  from 
  its 
  prevalence 
  at 
  the 
  hill 
  station 
  of 
  that 
  name. 
  

  

  This 
  group 
  E, 
  from 
  many 
  of 
  its 
  characters, 
  appears 
  closely 
  to 
  

   correspond 
  with 
  Mr. 
  Medlicott's 
  Nahun 
  group 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  lower 
  portion 
  

   would 
  seem 
  to 
  present 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  features 
  of 
  his 
  Subathu 
  division 
  

   (Mem. 
  Geol. 
  Surv. 
  Ind. 
  vol. 
  iii. 
  pt. 
  2, 
  pp. 
  11, 
  12, 
  &c.) 
  *. 
  

  

  12. 
  The 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  Outer 
  Himalayan 
  Tertiary 
  sandstone 
  and 
  clay 
  

   belt, 
  from 
  the 
  limestone 
  hills 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  Salt 
  range 
  in 
  a 
  

   southerly 
  direction, 
  has 
  presented, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  yet 
  known, 
  no 
  single 
  

   instance 
  of 
  a 
  clear 
  unconformity 
  or 
  overlap 
  within 
  its 
  limits, 
  while 
  

   its 
  entire 
  aspect, 
  notwithstanding 
  much 
  contortion, 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  parallel 
  

   sequence 
  throughout. 
  No 
  erosion 
  of 
  any 
  of 
  its 
  beds 
  prior 
  to 
  the 
  

   deposition 
  of 
  others 
  upon 
  them 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  ; 
  and 
  yet 
  it 
  must 
  

   be 
  remembered 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  layers, 
  and 
  these 
  on 
  different 
  

   horizons, 
  contain 
  rolled 
  pebbles 
  of 
  fossiliferous 
  Nummulitic 
  lime- 
  

   stone, 
  proving 
  breaks 
  to 
  have 
  occurred 
  subsequently 
  to 
  the 
  deposition 
  

   of 
  this 
  rock. 
  It 
  cannot 
  be 
  asserted 
  with 
  accuracy 
  whence 
  these 
  

  

  * 
  The 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  Nahun 
  group 
  in 
  this 
  Eeport 
  would 
  answer 
  in 
  a 
  

   general 
  way 
  for 
  all 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  sandstones 
  &c. 
  below 
  the 
  conglomerates 
  of 
  our 
  

   group 
  D 
  ; 
  and 
  these 
  conglomerates 
  would 
  answer 
  well 
  to 
  the 
  Sivalik 
  beds, 
  with 
  

   which 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  been 
  identified 
  by 
  Theobald 
  and 
  Falconer 
  (Journ. 
  

   Asiatic 
  Soc. 
  Beng. 
  1854, 
  p. 
  651). 
  

  

  