﻿76 
  A. 
  B. 
  WYNNE 
  ON 
  SOME 
  FEATT/BES 
  IN 
  THE 
  

  

  In 
  this 
  the 
  contorted 
  lower 
  Miocene 
  (Murree) 
  beds 
  are 
  made 
  to 
  

   thin 
  out 
  towards 
  the 
  south, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  overlapped 
  by 
  the 
  Sivalik 
  

   or 
  upper 
  rocks, 
  these 
  also 
  thinning 
  out 
  towards 
  the 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  

   Murree 
  series, 
  which 
  latter 
  is 
  shown 
  to 
  rest 
  unconformably 
  upon 
  

   porphyry, 
  felstone, 
  &c. 
  In 
  support 
  of 
  this 
  section 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  

   nothing 
  to 
  advance. 
  No 
  trace 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  of 
  the 
  overlap 
  of 
  the 
  

   two 
  series 
  as 
  shown 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  rocks 
  against 
  which 
  the 
  lower 
  group 
  

   rests 
  are 
  not 
  porphyry 
  and 
  felstone, 
  but 
  limestone 
  and 
  shale. 
  This 
  

   is 
  the 
  case 
  from 
  Murree 
  westward 
  to 
  Kohat 
  ; 
  and 
  even 
  at 
  Oori, 
  in 
  

   Kashmere, 
  the 
  Murree 
  group 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  junction 
  with 
  limestones, 
  

   as 
  already 
  mentioned, 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  with 
  metamorphosed 
  schistose 
  

   rocks 
  ; 
  nor 
  could 
  the 
  representation 
  of 
  the 
  locality 
  given 
  in 
  another 
  of 
  

   the 
  same 
  author's 
  sections 
  be 
  recognized. 
  

  

  19. 
  The 
  general 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  outer 
  Tertiary 
  junction 
  with 
  the 
  

   hill-rocks 
  will 
  have 
  been 
  gathered 
  from 
  the 
  foregoing 
  remarks 
  ; 
  but 
  

   the 
  difficulty 
  remains 
  of 
  asserting 
  the 
  non-existence 
  of 
  unconformity 
  

   along 
  a 
  complex 
  boundary, 
  only 
  because 
  nothing 
  of 
  the 
  kind 
  can 
  be 
  

   observed. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  it 
  is 
  equally 
  difficult 
  to 
  rest 
  satisfied 
  

   from 
  the 
  evidence 
  obtainable 
  that 
  the 
  discordant 
  junction 
  marks 
  a 
  

   limit 
  of 
  unconformable 
  deposition. 
  Reverting 
  to 
  the 
  sections 
  of 
  this 
  

   district 
  appended, 
  there 
  is 
  nothing 
  in 
  them 
  contrary 
  to 
  the 
  exist- 
  

   ence 
  of 
  faulting 
  ; 
  the 
  crucial-test 
  section 
  of 
  Mr. 
  Medlicott 
  near 
  the 
  

   Markunda 
  river 
  has 
  no 
  parallel 
  among 
  our 
  observations 
  ; 
  and 
  though 
  

   the 
  unconformity 
  which 
  it 
  exhibits 
  (Report 
  cited, 
  p. 
  108) 
  be 
  unques- 
  

   tionable, 
  there 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  room 
  left 
  to 
  doubt 
  its 
  applicability 
  beyond 
  

   the 
  boundary 
  line 
  on 
  which 
  it 
  occurs, 
  which 
  is 
  also 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  newest 
  

   subdivision 
  beneath 
  the 
  alluvium 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  of 
  the 
  coarsest 
  beds, 
  most 
  

   palpably 
  formed 
  from 
  detritus 
  of 
  the 
  neighbouring 
  rocks, 
  among 
  the 
  

   three 
  groups 
  of 
  the 
  Simla 
  Tertiary 
  series. 
  

  

  Nor 
  does 
  it 
  appear 
  reasonable 
  to 
  suppose 
  that 
  the 
  basal 
  contact 
  of 
  

   these 
  outer 
  Himalayan 
  Tertiary 
  beds 
  must 
  have 
  everywhere 
  occurred 
  

   along 
  a 
  denuded 
  cliif-line, 
  which 
  is 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  supposition 
  advanced 
  

   for 
  the 
  Simla 
  area. 
  If 
  so, 
  the 
  continuous-cliff- 
  line 
  conditions 
  would 
  

   in 
  all 
  probability 
  have 
  to 
  be 
  extended 
  from 
  the 
  Simla 
  area 
  to 
  the 
  

   Punjab, 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  some 
  600 
  miles, 
  or, 
  for 
  all 
  we 
  can 
  tell, 
  even 
  to 
  

   the 
  whole 
  Indian 
  frontage 
  of 
  the 
  Himalaya 
  range, 
  or 
  from 
  this 
  to 
  the 
  

   Alps. 
  It 
  may 
  fairly 
  be 
  asked, 
  does 
  any 
  coast-line, 
  ancient 
  or 
  modern, 
  

   present 
  an 
  unbroken 
  cliff-line 
  of 
  this 
  length, 
  or 
  one 
  so 
  little 
  marked 
  

   by 
  indentations 
  ? 
  

  

  The 
  circumstance 
  that 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  abnormal 
  contact 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  geo- 
  

   logical 
  boundary 
  limiting 
  the 
  main 
  development 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  

   Tertiary 
  formation, 
  at 
  first 
  sight 
  greatly 
  favours 
  the 
  idea 
  of 
  

   unconformity. 
  Supposing 
  the 
  Upper-Punjab 
  contact, 
  however, 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  caused 
  by 
  displacement, 
  there 
  is 
  nothing 
  in 
  this 
  demanding 
  

   that 
  the 
  newer 
  beds 
  should 
  continue 
  persistently 
  far 
  beyond 
  their 
  

   present 
  general 
  limits, 
  or 
  if 
  they 
  did 
  even 
  to 
  a 
  greater 
  extent 
  than 
  

   is 
  known, 
  the 
  denudation 
  of 
  this 
  country 
  would 
  have 
  been 
  amply 
  

   sufficient 
  to 
  have 
  removed 
  them 
  from 
  all 
  prominent 
  positions*. 
  In 
  

  

  * 
  Notwithstanding 
  this, 
  the 
  writer's 
  impression 
  must 
  be 
  stated 
  that 
  these 
  beds 
  

   of 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  formation 
  had 
  no 
  widely 
  extended 
  range 
  over 
  the 
  Outer 
  Hima- 
  

  

  