﻿OF 
  THE 
  LAKE-BASINS 
  OF 
  CUMBERLAND. 
  103 
  

  

  Fig. 
  17. 
  Plan 
  of 
  Derwentwater, 
  \ 
  

  

  18. 
  „ 
  Bassenthwaite 
  Lake, 
  .,, 
  , 
  ,« 
  • 
  • 
  <• 
  , 
  j 
  j 
  j.* 
  j 
  

  

  iq 
  T, 
  ,, 
  ' 
  ! 
  with 
  depths 
  given 
  in 
  teet, 
  and 
  dotted 
  

  

  on 
  r> 
  i 
  ix7 
  t 
  I 
  lines 
  along 
  which 
  the 
  sections 
  run. 
  

  

  20. 
  „ 
  Urunimock 
  Water, 
  ° 
  

  

  21. 
  „ 
  Loweswater, 
  J 
  

  

  Discussion. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Campbell 
  said 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  listened 
  with 
  great 
  pleasure 
  to 
  the 
  

   able 
  paper 
  of 
  the 
  author. 
  He 
  was 
  not 
  himself 
  acquainted 
  with 
  the 
  

   Lake-district 
  ; 
  but 
  he 
  knew 
  many 
  similar 
  districts 
  in 
  which 
  similar 
  

   phenomena 
  existed. 
  He 
  agreed 
  with 
  the 
  author's 
  conclusion, 
  that 
  

   these 
  lake-basins 
  were 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  glacial 
  erosion. 
  But 
  if 
  ice 
  

   could 
  do 
  so 
  much, 
  it 
  might 
  have 
  done 
  more. 
  In 
  confirmation 
  of 
  the 
  

   author's 
  views, 
  Mr. 
  Campbell 
  said 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  Caucasus 
  there 
  are 
  

   very 
  few 
  lakes. 
  He 
  had 
  found 
  no 
  glacial 
  phenomena 
  in 
  the 
  whole 
  

   range, 
  except 
  one 
  small 
  moraine 
  near 
  the 
  only 
  lake 
  in 
  Daghestan. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Evans 
  inquired 
  what 
  effect 
  the 
  varying 
  hardness 
  of 
  the 
  strata, 
  

   their 
  trend 
  and 
  dip, 
  might 
  have 
  had 
  on 
  the 
  formation 
  of 
  the 
  basins, 
  

   and 
  how 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  islands 
  was 
  to 
  be 
  explained. 
  He 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  that 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  day 
  the 
  rainfall 
  at 
  Seathwaite 
  was 
  in 
  

   some 
  years 
  nearly 
  200 
  inches, 
  which, 
  if 
  there 
  were 
  sufficient 
  cold, 
  

   would 
  suffice 
  even 
  now 
  for 
  an 
  enormous 
  supply 
  of 
  ice. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Seeley 
  inquired 
  whether 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  lake-basins 
  in 
  

   the 
  supposed 
  glacier 
  had 
  any 
  definite 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  positions 
  of 
  

   smaller 
  affluent 
  glaciers, 
  and 
  whether 
  the 
  lake-basins 
  were 
  to 
  be 
  

   attributed 
  to 
  that 
  relation. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Godwin 
  -Austen 
  remarked 
  on 
  the 
  acceptance 
  which 
  Prof. 
  

   Ramsay's 
  views 
  had 
  received, 
  and 
  the 
  support 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  

   receiving. 
  There 
  was 
  little 
  doubt 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  existence 
  of 
  ice 
  

   over 
  a 
  large 
  portion 
  of 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  Europe 
  ; 
  but 
  whether 
  it 
  could 
  

   have 
  existed 
  in 
  such 
  thickness 
  as 
  was 
  required 
  by 
  some 
  geologists 
  

   was 
  another 
  question. 
  He 
  doubted 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  glaciers 
  to 
  

   drive 
  ice 
  forward 
  to 
  any 
  great 
  extent 
  over 
  land 
  either 
  up 
  a 
  slope 
  or 
  

   over 
  a 
  horizontal 
  space. 
  He 
  considered 
  that 
  the 
  paper 
  would 
  add 
  a 
  

   great 
  interest 
  to 
  the 
  country 
  to 
  which 
  it 
  related. 
  

  

  Capt. 
  Douglas 
  Galton 
  disputed 
  the 
  power 
  of 
  ice 
  to 
  act 
  in 
  a 
  

   manner 
  materially 
  different 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  water. 
  Owing 
  to 
  the 
  

   friction 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  at 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  a 
  glacier, 
  he 
  thought 
  its 
  flow 
  

   would 
  be 
  so 
  much 
  retarded 
  that 
  its 
  excavating 
  power 
  would 
  be 
  

   almost 
  annihilated. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  "Ward, 
  in 
  reply, 
  stated 
  that 
  the 
  basins 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  cases 
  he 
  

   had 
  cited 
  were 
  excavated 
  in 
  the 
  Skiddaw 
  slate, 
  the 
  hardness 
  of 
  

   which 
  was 
  nearly 
  uniform. 
  The 
  dip 
  of 
  the 
  strata 
  was 
  very 
  vari- 
  

   able, 
  but 
  he 
  could 
  not 
  point 
  to 
  any 
  spot 
  where 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  the 
  lake 
  

   was 
  connected 
  with 
  the 
  dip. 
  The 
  islands 
  in 
  Derwentwater 
  might 
  

   be 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  an 
  old 
  moraine 
  left 
  by 
  the 
  glaciers 
  in 
  retreating 
  up 
  

   the 
  valley. 
  The 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  lakes 
  was 
  in 
  the 
  direct 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  

   principal 
  glaciers. 
  The 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  was 
  proved 
  by 
  the 
  

   existence 
  of 
  scratches 
  along 
  the 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  valleys, 
  such 
  as 
  could 
  

   not 
  have 
  been 
  produced 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  way. 
  The 
  probability 
  was 
  

  

  