﻿THE 
  LAKE-DISTKICT 
  AND 
  NOKTH 
  WALES. 
  177 
  

  

  resistance 
  to 
  the 
  descending 
  ice, 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  

   Great 
  Langdale 
  from 
  High 
  Close 
  westwards 
  ; 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  were 
  

   pointed 
  out 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  E. 
  B. 
  Wheatley 
  Balme, 
  Esq., 
  of 
  High 
  

   Close. 
  The 
  ice 
  in 
  obliquely 
  crossing 
  Great 
  Langdale 
  (about 
  300 
  

   feet) 
  in 
  one 
  place 
  nearly 
  coincided 
  in 
  direction, 
  without 
  altering 
  its 
  

   course, 
  with 
  a 
  bend 
  in 
  the 
  valley. 
  A 
  greater 
  number 
  of 
  distinctly 
  

   striated 
  roches 
  moutonnees 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  Great 
  

   Langdale 
  than 
  perhaps 
  anywhere 
  else 
  in 
  the 
  Lake 
  District 
  : 
  the}' 
  

   extend 
  to 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  called 
  Lingmoor 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  

   Great 
  Langdale 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  eastern 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  ridge 
  is 
  striated 
  in 
  

   such 
  a 
  manner 
  as 
  to 
  leave 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  ice 
  passed 
  over 
  it. 
  In 
  

   some 
  places 
  further 
  west 
  there 
  are 
  indications 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  having 
  

   ascended 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  highest 
  part 
  of 
  Lingmoor 
  (about 
  

   1500 
  feet), 
  and 
  glaciated 
  Side 
  Pike, 
  nearly 
  1200 
  feet 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  rocks 
  

   are 
  much 
  dilajndated 
  and 
  their 
  bases 
  scree-strewn. 
  On 
  the 
  south 
  

   side 
  of 
  Lingmoor 
  the 
  striae 
  and 
  roches 
  moutonnees 
  clearly 
  point 
  to 
  

   ice 
  having 
  descended 
  from 
  its 
  summit 
  ; 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  may 
  safely 
  be 
  in- 
  

   ferred 
  that 
  the 
  ice-flow 
  crossed 
  over 
  Lingmoor 
  from 
  Great 
  into 
  

   Little 
  Langdale. 
  In 
  the 
  Coniston-Old-Man 
  area 
  we 
  meet 
  with 
  

   phenomena 
  which 
  cannot 
  be 
  very 
  satisfactorily 
  explained 
  without 
  

   supposing 
  that 
  the 
  ice-sheet 
  continued 
  its 
  march 
  not 
  only 
  across 
  

   Little 
  Langdale, 
  but 
  (after 
  a 
  westerly 
  deflection 
  of 
  its 
  course) 
  up 
  

   the 
  northern 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  Coniston 
  Fells, 
  over 
  ground 
  at 
  least 
  2000 
  

   feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  down 
  into 
  Church-beck 
  valley 
  (600 
  feet) 
  *, 
  and 
  

   up 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  on 
  the 
  south, 
  beyond 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  not 
  

   traced 
  the 
  ice-marks. 
  As, 
  however, 
  it 
  is 
  barely 
  possible, 
  though 
  

   not 
  probable, 
  that 
  the 
  ice 
  which 
  accomplished 
  such 
  feats 
  among 
  the 
  

   Coniston 
  Fells 
  may 
  have 
  belonged 
  to 
  an 
  ice-dome 
  rising 
  to 
  a 
  great 
  

   height 
  above 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Eells, 
  and 
  sloping 
  down 
  

   towards 
  Little 
  Langdale, 
  we 
  may 
  principally 
  direct 
  our 
  attention 
  to 
  

   the 
  Easdale 
  and 
  Langdale 
  ice-sheet 
  until 
  the 
  Coniston 
  mountains 
  

   have 
  been 
  more 
  extensively 
  examined, 
  especially 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  

   north-west 
  of 
  the 
  Copper- 
  works. 
  

  

  Source 
  of 
  the 
  Easdale 
  and 
  Langdale 
  Ice-sheet. 
  — 
  Several 
  years 
  ago 
  

   I 
  noticed 
  that 
  the 
  northern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  District 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  

   mainly 
  glaciated 
  from 
  the 
  south 
  ; 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Ward 
  has 
  brought 
  his 
  S. 
  

   and 
  1ST. 
  ice-marks 
  to 
  within 
  two 
  miles 
  of 
  where 
  my 
  N. 
  and 
  S. 
  ice- 
  

   marks 
  begin, 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  from 
  his 
  map 
  (Quart. 
  Journ. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  

   vol. 
  xxix. 
  pi. 
  xv.). 
  It 
  is 
  impossible 
  that 
  a 
  strip 
  of 
  ice 
  not 
  two 
  miles 
  

   in 
  breadth 
  could 
  have 
  originated 
  two 
  ice-flows 
  in 
  opposite 
  directions, 
  

   and 
  both 
  of 
  them 
  many 
  miles 
  in 
  length. 
  The 
  northern 
  ice-flow 
  may 
  

   have 
  taken 
  place 
  at 
  a 
  later 
  period 
  than 
  the 
  southern 
  ; 
  but 
  however 
  

   this 
  may 
  have 
  been, 
  I 
  think 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  

   southerly 
  ice-flow 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  performed 
  the 
  feats 
  above 
  specified 
  

   without 
  being 
  backed 
  up 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  by 
  an 
  ice-dome 
  rising 
  to 
  a 
  

   great 
  height 
  and 
  covering 
  many 
  square 
  miles 
  of 
  country 
  to 
  the 
  

   north 
  of 
  Far 
  Easdale. 
  Until 
  the 
  central 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Lake 
  District 
  

  

  * 
  At 
  intervals 
  along 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  slope 
  of 
  Chureh-beck 
  valley 
  

   N. 
  and 
  S. 
  primary 
  strix 
  may 
  bo 
  seen 
  running 
  obliquely 
  down 
  hill. 
  The 
  instance 
  

   noticed 
  in 
  the 
  tabular 
  statement 
  is 
  perhaps 
  the 
  be.st-defined. 
  

  

  