﻿EASTERN 
  NOVA 
  SCOTIA 
  AND 
  PRINCE-EDWARD 
  ISLAND. 
  215 
  

  

  several 
  rocks 
  to 
  be 
  grey 
  sandstone 
  2, 
  red 
  and 
  brown 
  sandstone 
  4, 
  

   sbales 
  2, 
  or 
  a 
  still 
  greater 
  proportion 
  of 
  red 
  sandstone 
  as 
  compared 
  

   with 
  Pictou. 
  All 
  this 
  accords 
  with 
  the 
  idea 
  of 
  a 
  gradual 
  increase 
  

   of 
  red 
  beds 
  in 
  approaching 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  formation, 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  

   upper 
  Coal-formation 
  passes 
  in 
  its 
  upper 
  part 
  into 
  beds 
  having 
  more 
  

   the 
  aspect 
  of 
  some 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Lower 
  Dyas 
  or 
  Permian. 
  No 
  true 
  

   dolomite 
  is 
  present 
  in 
  these 
  beds 
  ; 
  but 
  Dr. 
  Harrington's 
  analyses 
  

   show 
  that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  concretionary 
  limestone 
  are 
  

   highly 
  magnesian, 
  and 
  the 
  sandstones 
  contain 
  concretions 
  of 
  sul- 
  

   phate 
  of 
  copper, 
  while 
  the 
  fossil 
  trees 
  which 
  abound 
  in 
  them 
  are 
  

   often 
  mineralized 
  with 
  sulphates 
  of 
  copper 
  and 
  iron, 
  and 
  sulphate 
  

   of 
  baryta. 
  

  

  Fossils 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Coal-formation. 
  

  

  Fossils 
  are 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  so 
  abundant 
  in 
  the 
  Upper 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  

   Middle 
  Coal-formation, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  chiefly 
  vegetable. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  

   most 
  characteristic 
  plants 
  is 
  Dadoxylon 
  materiarium, 
  a 
  species 
  with 
  

   simple 
  medullary 
  rays, 
  drifted 
  trunks 
  of 
  which 
  abound 
  in 
  a 
  calcined 
  

   or 
  silicified 
  condition 
  in 
  the 
  sandstones. 
  The 
  fine 
  specimens 
  of 
  

   the 
  tSternbergia 
  pith 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  which 
  I 
  described 
  in 
  1857 
  * 
  

   and 
  1871 
  f 
  are 
  from 
  this 
  formation. 
  In 
  the 
  upper 
  beds 
  leafy 
  

   branches 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Walchia 
  are 
  common 
  fossils, 
  probably 
  be- 
  

   longing 
  to 
  trees 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Dacloxylon, 
  the 
  only 
  pines 
  which 
  accom- 
  

   pany 
  them. 
  Calamites 
  are 
  also 
  abundant, 
  especially 
  C. 
  SucJcovii 
  

   and 
  C. 
  Cistii; 
  and 
  Calamodendron 
  approximatum 
  is 
  not 
  uncommon, 
  

   while 
  Calamites 
  gigas 
  occurs 
  rarely 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part. 
  Annularia 
  

   sphenophylloides 
  is 
  a 
  characteristic 
  plant 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  part, 
  and 
  Cor- 
  

   da'ites 
  simplex 
  is 
  very 
  abundant 
  in 
  some 
  beds. 
  Lepidodendra 
  are 
  rare, 
  

   and 
  represented 
  principally 
  by 
  a 
  species 
  which 
  is 
  identical 
  with, 
  or 
  

   very 
  near 
  to 
  L. 
  pictoense. 
  Among 
  ferns 
  the 
  most 
  abundant 
  species 
  

   are 
  Pecopteris 
  arborescens 
  and 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  Alethopteris 
  nervosa. 
  

   Stigmarice 
  and 
  Sigillariai 
  are 
  much 
  less 
  frequent 
  even 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  

   part 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  Coal-formation, 
  and 
  have 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  re- 
  

   cognized 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  tabular 
  view 
  may 
  serve 
  as 
  a 
  summary 
  of 
  the 
  flora 
  

   of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Coal-formation 
  as 
  at 
  present 
  known. 
  The 
  first 
  two 
  

   columns 
  represent 
  the 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  Upper 
  Coal- 
  

   formation 
  in 
  Nova 
  Scotia 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  third 
  column 
  represents 
  that 
  of 
  

   Prince-Edward 
  Island. 
  Of 
  the 
  species 
  all 
  but 
  about 
  ten, 
  or 
  more 
  

   than 
  three 
  fourths, 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  Coal-formation 
  

   also. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  observed 
  that 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  species, 
  which 
  in 
  all 
  

   is 
  much 
  smaller 
  than 
  that 
  in 
  the 
  Middle 
  Coal-formation, 
  becomes 
  

   rapidly 
  reduced 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  part, 
  and 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  considerable 
  

   similarity 
  between 
  the 
  upper 
  series 
  in 
  Nova 
  Scotia 
  and 
  that 
  in 
  

   Prince-Edward 
  Island. 
  This 
  is 
  further 
  noticeable 
  in 
  the 
  great 
  

   prevalence 
  of 
  specimens 
  of 
  Dadoxylon 
  materiarium, 
  Walchia, 
  Cor- 
  

   da'ites 
  simplex, 
  and 
  Pecopteris 
  arborescens 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  forma- 
  

   tion 
  in 
  both 
  districts. 
  

  

  * 
  Proc. 
  Amer. 
  Association, 
  1857, 
  Canad. 
  Nat. 
  vol. 
  ii. 
  

   t 
  Report 
  on 
  Prince-Edward 
  Island. 
  

  

  e2 
  

  

  