﻿EASTERN 
  NOVA 
  SCOTIA 
  AND 
  PRINCE-EDWARD 
  ISLAND. 
  219 
  

  

  globe 
  in 
  general. 
  The 
  Coal-measures 
  are 
  grey, 
  black, 
  and 
  blue 
  ; 
  but 
  

   in 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  they 
  sometimes 
  change 
  to 
  a 
  red 
  tint. 
  During 
  

   the 
  Coal-period 
  we 
  have 
  evidence 
  of 
  estuarine 
  conditions 
  ; 
  but 
  subse- 
  

   quently 
  the 
  access 
  of 
  the 
  sea 
  was 
  cut 
  off, 
  and 
  the 
  Permian 
  rocks 
  were 
  

   formed 
  in 
  vast 
  inland 
  lakes. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Hughes 
  remarked 
  that 
  the 
  group 
  referred 
  to 
  by 
  Principal 
  

   Dawson 
  under 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Permo-Carboniferous 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  con- 
  

   sidered 
  as 
  in 
  any 
  way 
  proving 
  a 
  passage 
  from 
  Carboniferous 
  to 
  Per- 
  

   mian, 
  seeing 
  that 
  the 
  Permian 
  was 
  altogether 
  wanting 
  in 
  Eastern 
  

   America, 
  unless 
  the 
  fossils 
  approached 
  those 
  of 
  undoubted 
  Permian 
  

   in 
  Europe. 
  But 
  he 
  pointed 
  out 
  that 
  many 
  large 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  so- 
  

   called 
  Permian 
  of 
  Europe 
  had 
  been 
  already 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  only 
  stained 
  

   Carboniferous. 
  The 
  fossil 
  lists 
  were 
  founded 
  on 
  a 
  wrong 
  classifi- 
  

   cation 
  of 
  the 
  rocks, 
  which 
  had 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  set 
  right. 
  Believing, 
  

   therefore, 
  that 
  the 
  Permian 
  system 
  must 
  be 
  broken 
  up 
  and 
  part 
  

   given 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  Lower 
  New 
  Bed 
  and 
  Magnesian 
  Limestone 
  series, 
  

   previously 
  so 
  well 
  established, 
  and 
  part 
  to 
  the 
  Upper 
  Carboniferous, 
  

   he 
  was 
  inclined 
  to 
  refer 
  the 
  Permo-Carboniferous 
  of 
  Principal 
  Daw- 
  

   son 
  to 
  the 
  latter, 
  the 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  plants 
  being 
  only 
  such 
  as 
  

   might 
  reasonably 
  be 
  expected 
  between 
  the 
  newer 
  and 
  older 
  portions 
  

   of 
  a 
  series 
  representing 
  immense 
  lapse 
  of 
  time 
  and 
  changing 
  condi- 
  

   tions. 
  Principal 
  Dawson 
  had 
  shown 
  that 
  the 
  beds 
  in 
  question 
  were 
  

   similar 
  in 
  almost 
  all 
  but 
  colour, 
  and 
  conformable 
  to 
  the 
  underlying 
  

   undoubted 
  Carboniferous. 
  If, 
  therefore, 
  they 
  were 
  higher 
  than 
  any 
  

   Carboniferous 
  beds 
  of 
  England, 
  they 
  must 
  be 
  synchronous 
  with 
  the 
  

   lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  unrepresented 
  time 
  between 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  and 
  

   so-called 
  Permian 
  ; 
  but 
  being 
  more 
  closely 
  connectod 
  with 
  the 
  lower 
  

   rocks, 
  he 
  saw 
  no 
  necessity 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  state 
  of 
  our 
  knowledge 
  for 
  

   such 
  a 
  term 
  as 
  Permo-Carboniferous. 
  

  

  Prof. 
  Bamsat 
  could 
  not 
  agree 
  with 
  Prof. 
  Hughes 
  in 
  his 
  opinion 
  

   as 
  to 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  the 
  term 
  Permian. 
  The 
  staining 
  of 
  rocks 
  occurs 
  

   in 
  two 
  ways 
  — 
  namely, 
  by 
  infiltration 
  from 
  above 
  through 
  overlying 
  

   beds, 
  and 
  by 
  direct 
  deposition. 
  Silurian 
  rocks 
  are 
  often 
  stained 
  in 
  

   the 
  former 
  manner. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Evans 
  remarked 
  that 
  this 
  paper 
  had 
  given 
  rise 
  to 
  an 
  inter- 
  

   esting 
  discussion. 
  The 
  fact 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  deposits 
  being 
  conformable 
  

   in 
  one 
  place 
  and 
  unconformable 
  in 
  another, 
  did 
  not, 
  in 
  his 
  opinion, 
  

   necessarily 
  convert 
  them 
  into 
  one 
  system. 
  He 
  thought 
  there 
  were 
  

   symptoms 
  that 
  the 
  Permian 
  would 
  eventually 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  Upper 
  

   Carboniferous. 
  He 
  believed 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  third 
  mode 
  in 
  which 
  

   rocks 
  were 
  stained 
  — 
  namely, 
  by 
  the 
  oxidation 
  of 
  iron 
  already 
  existing 
  

   in 
  the 
  beds. 
  

  

  