﻿324 
  T. 
  P. 
  JAMIESOtt 
  ON 
  THE 
  LAST 
  STAGE 
  OF 
  

  

  deposit 
  than 
  the 
  clay 
  containing 
  the 
  shells. 
  They 
  imply, 
  in 
  my 
  

   opinion, 
  that 
  the 
  glaciers 
  of 
  the 
  Dee 
  and 
  Don 
  coalesced 
  and 
  reached 
  

   the 
  coast 
  after 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  submergence 
  — 
  the 
  left 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  

   lying 
  upon 
  Belhelvie, 
  and 
  the 
  right 
  flank 
  on 
  the 
  hills 
  of 
  Nigg. 
  As- 
  

   suming 
  that 
  these 
  mounds 
  at 
  Aberdeen 
  are 
  actually 
  moraines 
  of 
  the 
  

   later 
  glaciers, 
  we 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  able, 
  on 
  proceeding 
  up 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  

   the 
  Dee, 
  to 
  point 
  out 
  the 
  various 
  halting-places 
  of 
  the 
  glacier 
  as 
  it 
  

   gradually 
  retreated 
  to 
  the 
  mountains. 
  This, 
  I 
  think, 
  can 
  be 
  done. 
  

   Ten 
  miles 
  up 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Dee 
  we 
  find 
  indications 
  of 
  a 
  halt, 
  a 
  

   crescent-like 
  band 
  of 
  moraine-matter 
  curving 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   the 
  Hill 
  of 
  Fare 
  to 
  the 
  Loch 
  of 
  Drum. 
  At 
  Aboyne 
  (20 
  miles 
  further 
  

   up) 
  there 
  are 
  indications 
  of 
  another 
  halt. 
  But 
  the 
  longest 
  and 
  most 
  

   decided 
  pause 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  little 
  below 
  the 
  village 
  of 
  Ballater, 
  about 
  

   40 
  miles 
  from 
  Aberdeen 
  and 
  600 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea. 
  Here 
  there 
  is 
  

   a 
  great 
  assemblage 
  of 
  mounds 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  river. 
  On 
  the 
  

   north 
  side 
  they 
  commence 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  immediately 
  below 
  

   the 
  Pass 
  of 
  Ballater, 
  and 
  extend 
  eastward 
  past 
  Tullich 
  to 
  Culbleen, 
  

   where 
  they 
  cover 
  all 
  the 
  ground 
  between 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

   the 
  hill, 
  forming 
  a 
  great 
  mass 
  of 
  hillocks 
  and 
  tumuli 
  of 
  various 
  

   forms. 
  To 
  the 
  eastward 
  of 
  Tullich 
  they 
  reach 
  an 
  elevation 
  of 
  about 
  

   400 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  river, 
  their 
  upper 
  surface 
  forming 
  a 
  nearly 
  hori- 
  

   zontal 
  line 
  or 
  platform, 
  which, 
  however, 
  is 
  not 
  quite 
  horizontal, 
  but 
  

   slopes 
  slightly 
  to 
  the 
  eastward 
  or 
  down 
  the 
  valley. 
  These 
  moraine- 
  

   heaps 
  fill 
  all 
  the 
  curve 
  of 
  the 
  hills 
  between 
  Camus 
  o' 
  Hay 
  and 
  Tul- 
  

   lich. 
  The 
  flank 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  of 
  Culbleen 
  is 
  much 
  bared, 
  and 
  dotted 
  

   with 
  perched 
  boulders. 
  Here 
  may 
  be 
  seen 
  split 
  blocks 
  of 
  red 
  gra- 
  

   nite, 
  which 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  broken 
  by 
  tumbling 
  off 
  the 
  end 
  or 
  side 
  

   of 
  the 
  glacier. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  valley, 
  along 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  Pannanich 
  Hill, 
  

   the 
  higher 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  moraine 
  does 
  not 
  take 
  the 
  shape 
  of 
  hillocks 
  

   so 
  much 
  as 
  it 
  does 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side, 
  but 
  forms 
  a 
  great 
  bank 
  leaning 
  

   against 
  the 
  hill-side, 
  like 
  a 
  rude 
  platform 
  or 
  terrace, 
  strewed 
  with 
  

   granite 
  boulders, 
  and 
  corresponding 
  in 
  height 
  with 
  the 
  upper 
  level 
  

   of 
  the 
  moraine 
  on 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  valley. 
  The 
  granite 
  of 
  

   the 
  spur 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  of 
  Pannanich 
  Wells 
  is 
  bare, 
  and 
  

   dotted 
  with 
  perched 
  blocks, 
  of 
  which 
  there 
  are 
  some 
  fine 
  examples. 
  

   The 
  rock 
  itself 
  is 
  rounded 
  off 
  into 
  pillowy 
  masses, 
  which 
  are 
  more 
  

   rugged 
  on 
  their 
  eastern 
  outline 
  ; 
  these 
  appearances 
  extend 
  far 
  above 
  

   the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  highest 
  moraines. 
  The 
  granite, 
  however, 
  is 
  too 
  

   much 
  weathered 
  to 
  show 
  the 
  finer 
  glacial 
  markings 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  

   remark 
  applies 
  to 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  granite 
  on 
  Deeside. 
  The 
  great 
  sheet 
  

   of 
  gravel 
  which 
  covers 
  the 
  moor 
  of 
  Dinnet 
  for 
  some 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  

   of 
  Camus 
  o' 
  May 
  has 
  probably 
  been 
  spread 
  out 
  by 
  the 
  waters 
  pour- 
  

   ing 
  from 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  glacier, 
  and 
  issuing 
  from 
  beneath 
  it, 
  aided 
  

   by 
  occasional 
  floods 
  when 
  the 
  snow 
  and 
  ice 
  thawed 
  extensively. 
  

  

  Other 
  moraines 
  of 
  later 
  origin 
  than 
  this 
  one 
  below 
  Ballater 
  are 
  to 
  

   be 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  upper 
  branches 
  of 
  the 
  Dee 
  — 
  as, 
  for 
  example, 
  in 
  

   Glen 
  Lui, 
  near 
  Derry 
  Lodge, 
  at 
  an 
  altitude 
  of 
  about 
  1600 
  feet, 
  and 
  

   still 
  higher 
  up, 
  near 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  Glen 
  Derry, 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  Loch 
  

   Etichan, 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  Ben 
  Muick 
  Dhui, 
  probably 
  2000 
  feet 
  above 
  

  

  