﻿326 
  T. 
  F. 
  JAMIESON 
  ON 
  THE 
  LAST 
  STAGE 
  OF 
  

  

  boulders. 
  There 
  it 
  lies, 
  clear 
  as 
  a 
  sunbeam, 
  just 
  as 
  the 
  glacier 
  left 
  

   it. 
  I 
  walked 
  up 
  the 
  glen 
  a 
  good 
  long 
  way 
  above 
  this, 
  until 
  I 
  was 
  

   near 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  Mount 
  Battock, 
  but 
  observed 
  no 
  other 
  moraines, 
  

   which 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  glacier 
  must 
  have 
  shrunk 
  rapidly 
  

   above 
  this. 
  Here, 
  therefore, 
  as 
  in 
  Lochaber, 
  the 
  glaciers 
  seem 
  to 
  

   have 
  retreated 
  by 
  stages, 
  pausing 
  for 
  a 
  long 
  time 
  at 
  certain 
  places 
  

   and 
  retiring 
  rapidly 
  at 
  others. 
  There 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  corresponding 
  

   moraine 
  on 
  the 
  Feugh, 
  near 
  Finzean 
  ; 
  and 
  I 
  have 
  no 
  doubt 
  others 
  

   will 
  be 
  found 
  in 
  Glen 
  Dye, 
  which, 
  however, 
  I 
  had 
  not 
  time 
  to 
  

   explore. 
  

  

  Terminal 
  moraines 
  (at 
  least 
  what 
  I 
  suppose 
  to 
  be 
  so) 
  also 
  occur 
  

   on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Grampians, 
  in 
  localities 
  which 
  imply 
  very 
  

   intense 
  glacial 
  conditions. 
  Thus 
  in 
  Kincardineshire 
  I 
  observed 
  one 
  

   at 
  Drumlithie, 
  near 
  the 
  railway 
  station 
  there, 
  at 
  an 
  altitude 
  of 
  280 
  

   or 
  300 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea, 
  formed 
  apparently 
  by 
  the 
  glacier 
  of 
  the 
  

   Bervie, 
  a 
  small 
  stream 
  which 
  takes 
  its 
  rise 
  among 
  hills 
  of 
  from 
  1500 
  

   to 
  1700 
  feet 
  in 
  height. 
  When 
  this 
  moraine 
  was 
  formed, 
  the 
  gla- 
  

   cier 
  was 
  seven 
  or 
  eight 
  miles 
  long. 
  This 
  moraine, 
  I 
  believe, 
  is 
  

   locally 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Kaims 
  of 
  Candy, 
  and 
  seems 
  to 
  resemble 
  the 
  

   kaims 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Scotland, 
  many 
  of 
  which 
  have 
  been 
  described 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  Milne-Home, 
  Professor 
  Geikie, 
  and 
  others, 
  and 
  are 
  supposed 
  

   by 
  them 
  to 
  be 
  accumulations 
  formed 
  underneath 
  the 
  sea 
  by 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  conflicting 
  currents 
  or 
  tides. 
  This 
  kaim 
  at 
  Drumlithie, 
  

   however, 
  appears 
  to 
  me 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  terminal 
  moraine. 
  It 
  consists 
  of 
  a 
  

   long 
  narrow 
  mound, 
  or 
  series 
  of 
  mounds, 
  from 
  20 
  to 
  30 
  feet 
  high, 
  

   with 
  sides 
  sloping 
  at 
  angles 
  of 
  20° 
  to 
  30°, 
  curving 
  in 
  a 
  crescent- 
  or 
  

   horseshoe-form, 
  with 
  the 
  convexity 
  seawards. 
  So 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  could 
  

   make 
  out, 
  it 
  is 
  composed 
  of 
  coarse 
  gravelly 
  debris, 
  irregularly 
  piled 
  

   together. 
  These 
  mounds 
  are 
  most 
  sharply 
  defined, 
  at 
  their 
  north- 
  

   eastern 
  extremity. 
  Outside 
  them 
  (i. 
  e. 
  seawards) 
  there 
  are 
  traces 
  

   of 
  lower 
  and 
  more 
  gently 
  sloping 
  mounds, 
  all 
  under 
  cultivation. 
  A 
  

   narrow 
  steep-sided 
  mound 
  like 
  this, 
  over 
  which 
  one 
  can 
  easily 
  pitch 
  

   a 
  stone, 
  curving 
  along 
  for 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  mile 
  in 
  a 
  crooked 
  manner, 
  is 
  

   not, 
  I 
  think, 
  an 
  accumulation 
  which 
  conflicting 
  tides 
  or 
  currents 
  

   would 
  make. 
  The 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  sea 
  would 
  rather 
  level 
  such 
  a 
  

   mound 
  than 
  make 
  it. 
  However, 
  I 
  shall 
  touch 
  upon 
  the 
  subject 
  of 
  

   the 
  Kaims 
  and 
  Eskers 
  further 
  on. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  north 
  and 
  west 
  Highlands, 
  where 
  the 
  mountains 
  come 
  near 
  

   the 
  coast, 
  moraines 
  of 
  a 
  more 
  decided 
  character 
  are 
  often 
  to 
  be 
  seen 
  

   close 
  beside 
  the 
  sea. 
  Those 
  at 
  Brora, 
  for 
  example, 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  coast 
  

   of 
  Sutherlandshire, 
  are 
  very 
  striking, 
  and 
  have 
  attracted 
  the 
  atten- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  many 
  observers. 
  I 
  examined 
  another 
  very 
  good 
  example 
  

   near 
  Muir 
  of 
  Ord, 
  about 
  ten 
  miles 
  west 
  of 
  Inverness, 
  formed 
  appa- 
  

   rently 
  by 
  the 
  right 
  flank 
  of 
  a 
  glacier 
  descending 
  Glen 
  Orrin. 
  Along 
  

   both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  Dornoch 
  Firth 
  I 
  noticed 
  moraine-like 
  masses, 
  

   which 
  implied 
  that 
  the 
  glacier 
  had 
  come 
  well 
  down 
  the 
  Firth 
  there. 
  

   The 
  great 
  range 
  of 
  gravel 
  ridges 
  and 
  boulders 
  which 
  runs 
  from 
  Cul- 
  

   loden 
  Moor 
  to 
  Kildrummy*, 
  near 
  Nairn, 
  consists, 
  in 
  my 
  opinion, 
  

  

  * 
  Kildrummy 
  is 
  a 
  Gaelic 
  word, 
  and 
  probably 
  means 
  the 
  head 
  or 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  

   ridge, 
  which 
  is 
  very 
  descriptive 
  of 
  the 
  place. 
  

  

  