﻿394 
  J. 
  G. 
  GOODCHILD 
  ON 
  THE 
  CARBONIFEROUS 
  CONGLOMERATES 
  

  

  30. 
  Note 
  on 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  Conglomerates 
  of 
  the 
  Eastern 
  Part 
  

   of 
  the 
  Basin 
  of 
  the 
  Eden. 
  By 
  J. 
  G. 
  Goodchild, 
  Esq., 
  H.M. 
  Geo- 
  

   logical 
  Survey 
  of 
  England 
  and 
  Wales. 
  (Bead 
  March 
  25, 
  1874.) 
  

  

  (Communicated 
  by 
  H. 
  W. 
  Bristow, 
  Esq., 
  F.R.S., 
  F.G-.S., 
  by 
  permission 
  of 
  tbe 
  

   Director-General 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Surveys 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  Kingdom.) 
  

  

  Professor 
  Phtllips 
  has 
  pointed 
  out, 
  in 
  his 
  ' 
  Geology 
  of 
  Yorkshire,' 
  

   that 
  the 
  Mountain-Limestone 
  between 
  the 
  northern 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  

   Lake-district 
  and 
  the 
  river 
  Eden 
  includes 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  red 
  sandstones, 
  

   alternating 
  with 
  limestones 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  series. 
  

  

  They 
  were 
  referred 
  to 
  by 
  him 
  as 
  the 
  "Alternating 
  Limestone 
  and 
  

   Bed 
  Sandstone 
  Series," 
  and 
  were 
  considered 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  passage-beds 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  the 
  true 
  basement 
  series, 
  or 
  Upper 
  Old 
  Bed, 
  and 
  the 
  principal 
  

   mass 
  of 
  the 
  Mountain-Limestone 
  which 
  forms 
  the 
  comparatively 
  high 
  

   ground 
  between 
  the 
  basins 
  of 
  the 
  rivers 
  Lune 
  and 
  Eden. 
  

  

  This 
  middle 
  group 
  is 
  fairly 
  exhibited 
  about 
  three 
  miles 
  to 
  the 
  

   south 
  of 
  Kirkby 
  Stephen, 
  at 
  Ash 
  Eell, 
  where 
  the 
  different 
  members 
  

   of 
  the 
  whole 
  series 
  may 
  be 
  examined 
  in 
  the 
  quarries 
  and 
  natural 
  

   sections 
  laid 
  bare 
  in 
  the 
  immediate 
  neighbourhood 
  (fig. 
  1). 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  sequence 
  in 
  descending 
  order 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  " 
  a." 
  Principal 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  Limestone, 
  including 
  a 
  

   few 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  stained 
  sandstone 
  and 
  shale 
  between 
  thick 
  masses 
  

   of 
  limestone, 
  and 
  having 
  a 
  total 
  thickness 
  of 
  not 
  less 
  than 
  1000 
  feet, 
  

   between 
  Ash 
  Eell 
  and 
  Kirkby 
  Stephen. 
  

  

  " 
  6." 
  Obliquely 
  laminated, 
  soft, 
  red 
  sandstones, 
  here 
  and 
  there 
  

   very 
  calcareous, 
  generally 
  containing 
  many 
  traces 
  of 
  Coal-measure 
  

   plants, 
  and 
  frequently 
  assuming 
  a 
  conglomeratic 
  character 
  in 
  conse- 
  

   quence 
  of 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  a 
  few 
  pebbles 
  of 
  milky 
  quartz, 
  and 
  the 
  

   occurrence 
  of 
  lenticular 
  fragments 
  of 
  now 
  decomposed 
  shale 
  on 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  faces 
  of 
  bedding. 
  

  

  These 
  beds 
  alternate 
  with 
  thin 
  shales, 
  which 
  are 
  usually 
  very 
  full 
  

   of 
  fossils 
  where 
  calcareous, 
  and 
  with 
  beds 
  of 
  limestone 
  of 
  variable 
  

   thickness 
  and 
  different 
  degrees 
  of 
  purity. 
  

  

  Near 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  these 
  limestones 
  are 
  usually 
  encrinital 
  

   and 
  crystalline 
  ; 
  others 
  are 
  rather 
  earthy 
  and 
  have 
  interlaminated 
  

   sandy 
  bands 
  ; 
  while 
  those 
  nearer 
  the 
  base, 
  although 
  generally 
  pure 
  

   in 
  the 
  mass, 
  have 
  courses 
  of 
  quartz 
  pebbles 
  up 
  to 
  an 
  inch 
  in 
  diameter 
  

   on 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  bedding 
  planes. 
  

  

  Here 
  and 
  there 
  amongst 
  the 
  quartz 
  pebbles 
  may 
  be 
  detected 
  pieces 
  

   of 
  pinkish 
  felspar 
  or 
  fragments 
  of 
  slaty 
  rock, 
  probably 
  of 
  Silurian 
  

   origin, 
  which 
  suggest 
  by 
  their 
  usually 
  subangular 
  character 
  that 
  the 
  

   associated 
  quartz 
  was 
  rolled 
  into 
  pebbles 
  ere 
  it 
  began 
  to 
  be 
  drifted 
  

   into 
  its 
  present 
  position. 
  

  

  The 
  total 
  thickness 
  of 
  this 
  series 
  at 
  Ash 
  Fell 
  is 
  about 
  500 
  feet 
  ; 
  

   but 
  the 
  interbedded 
  limestones 
  thin 
  rapidly 
  in 
  a 
  north-westerly 
  

   direction, 
  so 
  that 
  near 
  Shap 
  the 
  total 
  thickness 
  cannot 
  be 
  much 
  

   more 
  than 
  300 
  feet, 
  which 
  is 
  mostly 
  made 
  up 
  of 
  sandstones 
  more 
  or 
  

  

  