﻿OF 
  THE 
  EASTERN 
  PART 
  OF 
  THE 
  BASIN 
  OF 
  THE 
  EDEN. 
  397 
  

  

  nearly 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  disturbance 
  from 
  near 
  Ash 
  Fell, 
  north- 
  

   ward 
  along 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  Stainmoor, 
  to 
  the 
  Cross-Fell 
  escarpment 
  (fig. 
  2, 
  

   p. 
  395); 
  so 
  that 
  limestones 
  belonging 
  to 
  the 
  higher 
  part 
  of 
  "a" 
  are 
  

   not 
  lost 
  sight 
  of 
  for 
  any 
  great 
  distance, 
  but 
  may 
  be 
  traced 
  round 
  to 
  the 
  

   perfectly 
  clear 
  section 
  in 
  the 
  scars 
  above 
  Brough, 
  where 
  the 
  principal 
  

   bed 
  of 
  this 
  series 
  is 
  recognized 
  as 
  the 
  Melmerby-Scar 
  Limestone. 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  the 
  bed 
  which 
  forms, 
  with 
  the 
  Whin 
  Sill, 
  the 
  more 
  striking 
  

   and 
  picturesque 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  rocks 
  on 
  the 
  upcast 
  

   side 
  of 
  the 
  Pennine 
  faults. 
  

  

  A 
  little 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  Brough 
  the 
  generally 
  north-easterly 
  dip 
  of 
  

   the 
  beds 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  lines 
  of 
  disturbance 
  brings 
  up 
  from 
  

   beneath 
  the 
  Melmerby-Scar 
  Limestone 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  sandstones 
  of 
  

   various 
  degrees 
  of 
  coarseness 
  interbedded 
  with 
  shales 
  and 
  beds 
  of 
  

   impure 
  limestone. 
  

  

  These 
  are 
  clearly 
  seen 
  to 
  overlie 
  a 
  group 
  of 
  conglomerates, 
  gan- 
  

   nister-like 
  sandstones 
  with 
  Coal-measure 
  plants, 
  and 
  subordinate 
  

   beds 
  of 
  sandy 
  limestone 
  containing 
  many 
  courses 
  of 
  well-rolled 
  

   pebbles 
  of 
  quartz. 
  

  

  This 
  conglomeratic 
  series 
  is 
  succeeded 
  by 
  a 
  mass 
  of 
  grey 
  lime- 
  

   stone, 
  the 
  thickness 
  of 
  which 
  cannot 
  be 
  made 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  typical 
  

   sections. 
  

  

  These 
  beds, 
  from 
  the 
  Melmerby-Scar 
  Limestone 
  downwards, 
  cor- 
  

   respond 
  so 
  closely 
  in 
  lithological 
  character 
  and 
  geological 
  position 
  with 
  

   the 
  beds 
  seen 
  south 
  of 
  Kirkby 
  Stephen 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  room 
  left 
  

   for 
  doubt 
  as 
  to 
  their 
  identity. 
  

  

  The 
  sandstone 
  and 
  impure 
  limestone 
  series 
  next 
  below 
  the 
  Mel- 
  

   merby-Scar 
  Limestone 
  probably 
  represents 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  group 
  

   " 
  a," 
  which 
  was 
  described 
  as 
  being 
  split 
  up 
  by 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  and 
  shale. 
  

  

  It 
  must 
  be 
  admitted 
  that 
  the 
  interbedded 
  limestones 
  in 
  this 
  sand- 
  

   stone 
  group 
  in 
  the 
  escarpment 
  are 
  rarely 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  thicker 
  than 
  

   25 
  or 
  30 
  feet, 
  while 
  those 
  on 
  what 
  is 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  same 
  

   horizon 
  south 
  of 
  Kirkby 
  Stephen 
  have 
  a 
  thickness 
  of 
  from 
  100 
  to 
  

   150 
  feet 
  between 
  the 
  partings 
  of 
  sandstone. 
  

  

  As 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  eight 
  miles 
  between 
  

   the 
  two 
  lines 
  of 
  outcrop, 
  few 
  geologists 
  accustomed 
  to 
  follow 
  indivi- 
  

   dual 
  beds 
  over 
  long 
  distances 
  will 
  feel 
  inclined 
  to 
  lay 
  much 
  stress 
  on 
  

   the 
  difference 
  in 
  thickness 
  of 
  the 
  limestones 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  sections, 
  

   when 
  the 
  thinning 
  can 
  be 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  at 
  the 
  rate 
  of 
  only 
  15 
  feet 
  

   in 
  a 
  mile. 
  As 
  an 
  additional 
  argument 
  in 
  favour 
  of 
  the 
  identity, 
  at 
  

   least 
  in 
  part, 
  of 
  the 
  escarpment- 
  sandstone 
  and 
  thin 
  limestone 
  series 
  

   with 
  the 
  limestone 
  group 
  " 
  a 
  " 
  south 
  of 
  Kirkby 
  Stephen, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  

   mentioned 
  that 
  the 
  thin 
  beds 
  of 
  sandstone 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  limestone 
  

   series 
  " 
  a 
  " 
  north 
  of 
  Ash 
  Fell 
  are 
  found 
  to 
  thicken 
  and 
  the 
  asso- 
  

   ciated 
  beds 
  of 
  limestone 
  to 
  diminish 
  in 
  thickness, 
  and 
  become 
  still 
  

   further 
  split 
  up 
  by 
  sandstones 
  and 
  shales, 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  followed 
  in 
  a 
  

   north-westerly 
  direction 
  towards 
  Penrith. 
  

  

  If 
  it 
  were 
  possible 
  to 
  follow 
  these 
  beds 
  under 
  the 
  Permians 
  still 
  

   further 
  to 
  the 
  north-west, 
  we 
  should 
  probably 
  find 
  that 
  the 
  lime- 
  

   stones 
  had 
  become 
  quite 
  subordinate 
  to 
  the 
  sandstone 
  series, 
  and 
  

  

  