﻿OP 
  THE 
  EASTERN 
  PART 
  OP 
  THE 
  BASIN 
  OF 
  THE 
  EDEN. 
  399 
  

  

  stones 
  to 
  become 
  so 
  much 
  larger 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  difficulty 
  in 
  

   finding 
  masses 
  of 
  quartz 
  nine 
  inches 
  or 
  a 
  foot 
  in 
  diameter 
  in 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  coarser 
  beds. 
  

  

  The 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  group, 
  between 
  the 
  conglomerates 
  and 
  the 
  

   Melmerby-Scar 
  limestone, 
  does 
  not 
  seem 
  so 
  changeable 
  : 
  except 
  that 
  

   the 
  interbedded 
  limestones 
  are 
  thinner 
  and 
  usually 
  of 
  a 
  lesser 
  degree 
  

   of 
  purity, 
  and 
  that 
  coals 
  set 
  in 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  there 
  is 
  but 
  little 
  differ- 
  

   ence 
  between 
  these 
  beds 
  under 
  Cross 
  Fell 
  and 
  their 
  eastward 
  exten- 
  

   sion 
  as 
  seen 
  near 
  Brough. 
  

  

  As 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  remarked 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  limestones 
  associated 
  

   with 
  the 
  Ash-Pell 
  beds 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  faults, 
  the 
  

   beds 
  above 
  and 
  below 
  the 
  Roman-Fell 
  series 
  become 
  much 
  thinner 
  

   in 
  a 
  north-westerly 
  direction, 
  so 
  that 
  under 
  Cross 
  Fell 
  the 
  Melmerby- 
  

   Scar 
  limestone 
  is 
  little 
  more 
  than 
  half 
  as 
  thick 
  as 
  the 
  same 
  bed 
  at 
  

   Brough 
  ; 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  reason 
  for 
  believing 
  that 
  the 
  lower 
  limestone, 
  

   which 
  is 
  seen 
  under 
  the 
  Ronian-Fell 
  beds 
  near 
  Brough, 
  dies 
  away 
  

   completely 
  before 
  we 
  reach 
  Cumberland. 
  

  

  The 
  exact 
  point 
  where 
  it 
  does 
  so 
  cannot 
  be 
  indicated 
  until 
  a 
  more 
  

   detailed 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  has 
  been 
  made. 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  writer 
  has 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  make 
  out 
  in 
  his 
  holiday 
  

   rambles, 
  there 
  does 
  not 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  any 
  undoubted 
  equivalent 
  of 
  

   the 
  true 
  Carboniferous 
  basement-series 
  along 
  the 
  escarpment, 
  

   although 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  those 
  beds 
  may 
  be 
  feebly 
  represented 
  in 
  

   places 
  by 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  conglomerates. 
  

  

  The 
  tendency 
  to 
  become 
  coarser 
  in 
  a 
  north-westerly 
  direction 
  is 
  

   not 
  so 
  marked 
  along 
  the 
  southern 
  outcrop 
  of 
  the 
  Ash-Fell 
  beds, 
  so 
  

   far 
  as 
  they 
  have 
  yet 
  been 
  traced 
  into 
  the 
  basin 
  of 
  the 
  Eden 
  ; 
  but 
  at 
  

   a 
  short 
  distance 
  west 
  of 
  Penrith 
  some 
  sandstone 
  beds, 
  which 
  must 
  

   be 
  very 
  near 
  this 
  horizon, 
  are 
  quite 
  as 
  coarse 
  as 
  any 
  millstone 
  grit, 
  

   and 
  in 
  themselves 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  distinguished 
  from 
  it. 
  

  

  Over 
  a 
  considerable 
  area 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  Silurian 
  

   rocks 
  of 
  the 
  Lake-district 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  Geological 
  Survey 
  

   has 
  been 
  to 
  prove 
  that, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  the 
  limestones 
  of 
  the 
  Carboniferous 
  

   series 
  increase 
  in 
  thickness 
  towards 
  the 
  south-east, 
  and 
  that, 
  on 
  the 
  

   other 
  hand, 
  the 
  purely 
  drifted 
  deposits 
  come 
  on 
  in 
  greater 
  force, 
  and 
  

   generally 
  tend 
  to 
  increase 
  in 
  coarseness, 
  in 
  proportion 
  as 
  they 
  are 
  

   followed 
  towards 
  the 
  north-west. 
  

  

  As 
  this 
  rule 
  can 
  thus 
  be 
  shown 
  to 
  be 
  one 
  of 
  wide 
  application 
  in 
  the 
  

   higher 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  one 
  may 
  infer 
  that 
  these 
  lower 
  beds 
  form 
  

   no 
  excejDtion, 
  but 
  that 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Carbonife- 
  

   rous 
  series 
  tends 
  to 
  assume 
  more 
  and 
  more 
  of 
  a 
  littoral 
  character 
  as 
  

   it 
  is 
  followed 
  towards 
  the 
  north-west, 
  and 
  that 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  limestones 
  

   which 
  can 
  be 
  shown 
  to 
  have 
  died 
  away 
  along 
  the 
  escarpment 
  will 
  

   not 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  reappear 
  along 
  the 
  northern 
  outcrops 
  of 
  the 
  local 
  

   base 
  of 
  the 
  carboniferous 
  rocks, 
  but 
  that 
  these 
  Roman-Fell 
  beds 
  

   over 
  large 
  areas 
  will 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  rest 
  directly 
  upon 
  the 
  older 
  rocks 
  

   wherever 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  intervening 
  patches 
  of 
  " 
  Old 
  Red." 
  

  

  We 
  should 
  perhaps 
  not 
  be 
  far 
  wrong 
  in 
  considering 
  that 
  these 
  Roman 
  

   Fell 
  beds 
  are 
  about 
  the 
  horizon 
  of 
  the 
  Calciferous 
  Sandstone 
  series 
  of 
  

   the 
  south 
  of 
  Scotland. 
  If 
  one 
  may 
  judge 
  by 
  the 
  published 
  descrip- 
  

  

  