﻿462 
  

  

  J. 
  F. 
  CAMPBELL 
  ON 
  POLAR 
  GrLACIATION 
  ETC. 
  

  

  Oct. 
  6th. 
  Lower 
  down 
  we 
  got 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  northerly 
  dip 
  and 
  

   followed 
  it 
  along 
  the 
  strike 
  and 
  again 
  across 
  it 
  nearly 
  to 
  Tiflis. 
  

   The 
  northerly 
  dip 
  appeared 
  persistent 
  from 
  Balta 
  to 
  Mjeth, 
  for 
  nearly 
  

   fifty 
  miles 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  sequence 
  extends 
  southwards 
  from 
  newer 
  to 
  

   older 
  rocks. 
  My 
  observations 
  were 
  confirmed 
  by 
  a 
  Russian 
  officer. 
  

  

  A 
  mere 
  traveller 
  bent 
  upon 
  copying 
  general 
  forms 
  could 
  not 
  see 
  

   geological 
  details 
  from 
  the 
  jolting 
  springless 
  carts 
  which 
  carried 
  

   him 
  rapidly 
  through 
  the 
  Caucasus 
  in 
  four 
  days, 
  allowing 
  scant 
  time 
  

   for 
  drawing 
  at 
  stations. 
  From 
  Mjeth 
  the 
  road 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  strike 
  for 
  

   a 
  long 
  distance. 
  Near 
  Tiflis 
  the 
  beds 
  are 
  much 
  folded, 
  the 
  folds 
  are 
  

   parallel 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  range, 
  and 
  the 
  rocks 
  are 
  like 
  folded 
  beds 
  of 
  the 
  

   coal-formation 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  in 
  the 
  Alleghany 
  Mountains. 
  I 
  

   have 
  drawn 
  a 
  rude 
  section 
  to 
  fit 
  the 
  page 
  (fig. 
  3), 
  scale 
  twenty 
  miles 
  

   to 
  the 
  inch 
  horizontally, 
  exaggerated 
  vertically. 
  The 
  extreme 
  height 
  

   of 
  Kasbeg 
  would 
  be 
  expressed 
  by 
  about 
  ^ 
  of 
  an 
  inch. 
  

  

  Fig. 
  3. 
  — 
  Section 
  through 
  the 
  Dariel 
  Pass. 
  

  

  (Horizontal 
  scale 
  20 
  miles 
  to 
  1 
  inch 
  ; 
  vertical 
  scale 
  greatly 
  

   a, 
  b. 
  Basalt. 
  j\ 
  

  

  The 
  outlines 
  of 
  the 
  mountains 
  are 
  due 
  to 
  weathering. 
  Except 
  

   large 
  stones, 
  I 
  could 
  find 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  glacial 
  action 
  in 
  the 
  whole 
  

   journey 
  of 
  202 
  versts 
  (about 
  133^ 
  miles). 
  Short 
  of 
  Tzalkan, 
  not 
  far 
  

   from 
  Tiflis, 
  we 
  saw 
  a 
  lake 
  (" 
  Bazaleti 
  ") 
  ; 
  near 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  conical 
  mound 
  

   like 
  a 
  moraine. 
  I 
  saw, 
  or 
  thought 
  I 
  saw, 
  some 
  scratched 
  stones 
  

   amongst 
  a 
  great 
  many 
  rolled 
  stones, 
  and 
  I 
  believed 
  the 
  lake 
  to 
  be 
  

   glacial. 
  After 
  a 
  careful 
  search 
  in 
  the 
  valley 
  lower 
  down, 
  all 
  the 
  

   large 
  stones 
  that 
  I 
  could 
  find 
  were 
  smooth 
  water-worn 
  pebbles 
  

   taken 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  clay, 
  and 
  out 
  of 
  great 
  beds 
  of 
  rolled 
  stones 
  which 
  

   there 
  make 
  large 
  hills. 
  I 
  noticed 
  ploughing 
  with 
  fourteen 
  and 
  

   eighteen 
  oxen 
  hereabouts. 
  October 
  7, 
  got 
  to 
  Tiflis*. 
  

  

  * 
  Since 
  my 
  return 
  I 
  have 
  read 
  Dr. 
  Lyell's 
  book, 
  and 
  find 
  that 
  we 
  noticed 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  things 
  in 
  the 
  Pass 
  of 
  Dariel, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  springs, 
  the 
  flowers, 
  

   the 
  oxen, 
  &c. 
  Klaproth, 
  quoted 
  in 
  a 
  note, 
  mentions 
  the 
  rocks 
  which 
  I 
  noticed. 
  

   Keith 
  Johnstone's 
  Geological 
  Map 
  of 
  Europe 
  colours 
  the 
  Caucasus 
  as 
  Tertiary 
  

   and 
  Crystalline. 
  

  

  Montpereux, 
  ' 
  Voyage 
  autour 
  du 
  Caucase,' 
  6 
  vols, 
  octavo, 
  and 
  Atlas, 
  1843. 
  

   In 
  this 
  work 
  is 
  a 
  section 
  which 
  includes 
  the 
  Pass 
  of 
  Dariel 
  from 
  Vladikavkas 
  to 
  

   Tiflis. 
  It 
  confirms 
  what 
  I 
  have 
  said 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  dip 
  and 
  sequence 
  of 
  rocks, 
  and 
  

   marks 
  the 
  lake 
  of 
  " 
  Bazaleti 
  " 
  on 
  its 
  pebble-beds. 
  

  

  