﻿478 
  J- 
  F. 
  CAMPBELL 
  ON 
  POLAE 
  GLACIATION 
  ETC. 
  

  

  water 
  of 
  insignificant 
  streams. 
  In 
  Persia 
  the 
  country, 
  although 
  

   greatly 
  elevated 
  above 
  the 
  sea-level, 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  drift 
  ; 
  but 
  he 
  

   had 
  found 
  no 
  signs 
  of 
  striation 
  on 
  the 
  pebbles, 
  nor 
  had 
  he 
  been 
  able 
  

   to 
  detect 
  glacial 
  markings 
  on 
  extensive 
  plateaux 
  more 
  than 
  6000 
  feet 
  

   above 
  the 
  sea, 
  with 
  peaks 
  rising 
  to 
  12000 
  feet 
  and 
  even 
  more. 
  In 
  

   his 
  opinion 
  the 
  ice-sheets 
  were 
  entirely 
  local. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Evans 
  remarked 
  that 
  the 
  question 
  of 
  glaciation 
  had 
  always 
  

   been 
  a 
  puzzle. 
  He 
  thought 
  that 
  the 
  notion 
  of 
  great 
  ice-caps 
  simul- 
  

   taneously 
  covering 
  the 
  northern 
  and 
  southern 
  hemispheres 
  could 
  not 
  

   be 
  maintained, 
  since 
  it 
  involved 
  the 
  destruction 
  and 
  new 
  creation 
  

   of 
  the 
  entire 
  fauna 
  and 
  flora. 
  If 
  the 
  boulders 
  referred 
  to 
  by 
  Mr. 
  

   Campbell 
  were 
  of 
  northern 
  origin, 
  there 
  must 
  have 
  been 
  a 
  flow 
  of 
  

   water 
  from 
  north 
  to 
  south, 
  possibly 
  in 
  a 
  great 
  bay 
  bounded 
  by 
  the 
  

   Ural 
  Mountains 
  on 
  the 
  east. 
  It 
  seemed 
  to 
  him 
  difficult 
  to 
  conceive 
  

   how 
  a 
  current 
  from 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  could 
  have 
  passed 
  over 
  the 
  high 
  

   lands 
  of 
  Turkey 
  and 
  the 
  Carpathians. 
  He 
  thought 
  the 
  question 
  as 
  

   to 
  the 
  glaciation 
  of 
  the 
  Caucasus 
  of 
  much 
  interest. 
  It 
  was 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  conceive 
  how 
  so 
  vast 
  a 
  denudation 
  as 
  that 
  described 
  could 
  have 
  

   occurred 
  without 
  either 
  heavy 
  rains 
  or 
  glaciers 
  ; 
  but 
  no 
  rains 
  occur 
  

   there 
  at 
  present. 
  An 
  alteration 
  of 
  level, 
  however, 
  would 
  of 
  course 
  

   affect 
  the 
  temperature 
  and 
  rainfall. 
  

  

  Mr. 
  Campbell, 
  in 
  reply, 
  stated 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  seen 
  it 
  given 
  as 
  Prof. 
  

   Agassiz's 
  opinion 
  that 
  the 
  ice-caps 
  had 
  extinguished 
  all 
  life. 
  He 
  

   remarked 
  that 
  the 
  boulders 
  have 
  travelled 
  at 
  least 
  500 
  miles 
  from 
  

   their 
  original 
  bed 
  over 
  level 
  ground. 
  

  

  