30 PAPERS OX INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLES. 



to black, and the dorsum is marked by a median stripe. The contracted ante- 

 penultimate segment is noticeable. The anal segment terminates in two pairs 

 of straight brown hairs. It is of rather robust cylindrical form, measuring 

 about three-tenths of an inch (7.5 mm.) in length and one-twelfth (2 mm.) 

 in width. 



The somewhat peculiar outline of the abdominal segments is shown 

 at d of figure 4. 



Transformation to pupa and thence to imago takes place in a rather 

 compact cocoon composed of webbed-up grains of earth, which the 

 larva? form after burrowing into the soil. Those before the writer 

 measure about three-eighths of an inch (9 mm.) long and a little less 

 than half that in width. 



The notes which appear above, on the life history of the species, 

 were made by the senior writer at Washington, D. C. where the 

 temperature and other conditions are not materially different from 

 those of the Eastern Gulf States. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



In previous articles it was stated that this species would probably 

 not spread beyond certain natural boundaries, i. e., not much above 

 the Lower Austral life zone. Thus far this prediction has been 

 verified. 



The following is the known distribution as recorded in this branch 

 of the bureau : West Raleigh. X. C. : Charleston and Beech Island, 

 S. C. ; Auburn, Phoenix City, and Montgomery, Ala. ; Augusta. Way- 

 cross, Tifton, Athens, Griffin. Montreal, Albany. Marshallville. Ma- 

 con, Fort Valley. Meansville, and Leesburg, Ga. ; Lakeland, Dade 

 City, and Orlando. Fla.; Stallo. Columbia, Kosciusko, Crystal 

 Springs, Columbus. Ridgeland. Starkville, Gulfport, and Hatties- 

 burg. Miss. ; Corpus Christi. Brownsville, Beeville, Mission, Santa 

 Maria, and Sabinal. Tex.; Los Angeles. Orange County, Santa Ana, 

 and Garden Grove. Cal. : and Honolulu and Wahiawa, Hawaiian 

 Islands. 



The foreign localities need not be repeated. 



FOOD PLANTS. 



The first record of injury by this species was to cabbage, turnips, 

 and beets. October 14. 1897. Mr. X. L. "Willett, a reliable corre- 

 spondent of this department, estimated that the cost to the grower 

 of these plants and collards in the county of Richmond. Ga., alone 

 would amount to $15,000 to $20,000 during that year, while Mr. 

 W. M. Scott, at that time State entomologist of Georgia, estimated, 

 November 26, 1807. a loss to that county of $50,000. 



Besides cabbage, turnips and beets, collards, cauliflower, kale, ruta- 

 baga, radish, kohl-rabi, mustard, rape, horse-radish, and some other 



