﻿16 
  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  Those 
  regions 
  where 
  serious 
  outbreaks 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  have 
  occurred 
  

   have 
  been 
  recorded 
  and 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  and 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  

   injury 
  are 
  described 
  in 
  detail. 
  Since 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  

   grape 
  berry 
  by 
  the 
  grape 
  curculio 
  (Craponius 
  inxqualis 
  Say) 
  coincides 
  

   quite 
  closely 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth, 
  the 
  work 
  of 
  this 
  

   insect 
  is 
  described 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  the 
  injury 
  done 
  by 
  these 
  two 
  insects 
  

   may 
  not 
  be 
  confused. 
  

  

  A 
  description 
  is 
  given 
  of 
  the 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  insect, 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  larval 
  

   and 
  adult 
  forms 
  being 
  quoted 
  from 
  the 
  paper 
  on 
  "Some 
  new 
  species 
  

   of 
  Polychrosis," 
  by 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  D. 
  Kearfott. 
  1 
  

  

  In 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  rearing 
  experiments 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  that 
  

   a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  hymenopterous 
  parasites 
  prey 
  upon 
  this 
  insect 
  in 
  

   its 
  larval 
  and 
  pupal 
  stages, 
  and 
  during 
  this 
  investigation 
  12 
  additional 
  

   parasites 
  have 
  been 
  added 
  to 
  the 
  list 
  recorded 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  in 
  

   1904. 
  

  

  During 
  tne 
  seasons 
  of 
  1907 
  and 
  1908 
  the 
  investigation 
  of 
  the 
  grape 
  

   root-worm 
  occupied 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  force 
  engaged 
  

   in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  grape 
  pests. 
  For 
  this 
  reason 
  the 
  life-history 
  studies 
  

   covering 
  those 
  seasons 
  were 
  rather 
  fragmentary. 
  During 
  the 
  season 
  

   of 
  1909, 
  however, 
  the 
  junior 
  author 
  devoted 
  the 
  greater 
  share 
  of 
  his 
  

   time 
  to 
  a 
  detailed 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  of 
  this 
  pest. 
  From 
  the 
  

   records 
  secured 
  by 
  him 
  in 
  this 
  relation 
  the 
  data 
  covering 
  the 
  various 
  

   stages 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  individuals, 
  presented 
  under 
  the 
  topic 
  of 
  

   seasonal 
  history 
  for 
  1909, 
  have 
  been 
  compiled. 
  

  

  These 
  life-history 
  studies 
  indicate 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  full 
  brood 
  

   of 
  larvae 
  and 
  a 
  partial 
  second 
  brood 
  each 
  season 
  in 
  this 
  region, 
  whereas 
  

   it 
  was 
  previously 
  supposed 
  that 
  there 
  were 
  two 
  full 
  broods 
  and 
  a 
  par- 
  

   tial 
  third 
  brood 
  of 
  larvae. 
  These 
  records 
  also 
  show 
  the 
  relation 
  of 
  the 
  

   emergence 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  brood 
  of 
  moths 
  to 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  blooming 
  of 
  the 
  

   grape, 
  and 
  the 
  approximate 
  percentage 
  of 
  first-brood 
  larvae 
  which 
  

   appear 
  before 
  and 
  after 
  the 
  blooming 
  period, 
  thus 
  indicating 
  the 
  pos- 
  

   sible 
  relative 
  value 
  of 
  poison-spray 
  applications 
  made 
  against 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  before 
  and 
  after 
  the 
  blossoming 
  period. 
  

  

  Field 
  experiments 
  with 
  poison 
  sprays 
  covering 
  several 
  acres 
  of 
  

   badly 
  infested 
  vineyard 
  were 
  conducted 
  for 
  the 
  three 
  consecutive 
  

   seasons 
  of 
  1907, 
  1908, 
  and 
  1909, 
  in 
  the 
  vineyard 
  of 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  S. 
  Wheeler, 
  

   at 
  North 
  East, 
  Pa. 
  These 
  experiments 
  indicate 
  that 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  extreme 
  variability 
  of 
  infestation 
  of 
  vineyard 
  areas 
  by 
  this 
  pest 
  

   it 
  is 
  very 
  difficult 
  to 
  lay 
  out 
  an 
  arrangement 
  of 
  plats 
  which 
  will 
  show 
  

   the 
  relative 
  value 
  of 
  poison-spray 
  applications 
  of 
  varying 
  strength 
  

   and 
  time 
  of 
  application. 
  Yet 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  poison-spray 
  

   applications, 
  made 
  with 
  thoroughness 
  and 
  with 
  due 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  

   manner 
  of 
  application, 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  

  

  i 
  Trans. 
  Amer. 
  Ent. 
  Soc, 
  vol. 
  30, 
  pp. 
  292-293, 
  1904. 
  

  

  