﻿THE 
  GRAPE-BERRY 
  MOTH. 
  17 
  

  

  are 
  hatching 
  in 
  large 
  numbers, 
  will 
  result 
  in 
  a 
  considerable 
  reduction 
  

   in 
  the 
  injury 
  wrought 
  to 
  the 
  grape 
  berries 
  by 
  this 
  pest. 
  

  

  Kecommendations 
  offered 
  for 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  in 
  regard 
  

   to 
  the 
  time 
  and 
  manner 
  of 
  making 
  spray 
  applications 
  are 
  based 
  upon 
  

   the 
  data 
  obtained 
  in 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  and 
  habits 
  of 
  the 
  

   grape-berry 
  moth 
  during 
  this 
  investigation, 
  correlated 
  with 
  the 
  field 
  

   experiments 
  and 
  observations 
  covering 
  that 
  period. 
  Since 
  these 
  life- 
  

   history 
  studies 
  have 
  shown 
  considerable 
  deviations 
  from 
  those 
  previ- 
  

   ously 
  recorded 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  appearance 
  of 
  certain 
  stages 
  

   of 
  the 
  insect 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  broods 
  each 
  season, 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  revise 
  our 
  ideas 
  somewhat 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  relative 
  importance 
  

   of 
  the 
  spray 
  applications 
  formerly 
  recommended; 
  and 
  since 
  suitable 
  

   opportunities 
  have 
  not 
  presented 
  themselves 
  for 
  a 
  thorough 
  trial 
  of 
  

   this 
  revised 
  spray 
  schedule, 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  recommendations 
  along 
  this 
  

   line 
  are 
  offered 
  rather 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  suggestions 
  than 
  as 
  definitely 
  

   demonstrated 
  and 
  proved 
  methods. 
  

  

  HISTORY. 
  

  

  The 
  American 
  species, 
  Polyclirosis 
  viteana, 
  was 
  first 
  described 
  by 
  

   Clemens 
  in 
  1860, 
  in 
  the 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  the 
  Philadelphia 
  Academy 
  of 
  

   Natural 
  Sciences. 
  In 
  addition 
  to 
  a 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  adult 
  moth 
  

   Clemens 
  makes 
  some 
  statements 
  as 
  to 
  the 
  habits 
  and 
  food 
  plants 
  of 
  

   the 
  larva. 
  (See 
  discussion 
  under 
  Food 
  Plants, 
  p. 
  20.) 
  

  

  In 
  1869 
  Packard, 
  in 
  his 
  " 
  Guide 
  to 
  the 
  Study 
  of 
  Insects," 
  has 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  this 
  insect 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Penthina 
  vitivorana. 
  In 
  a 
  foot- 
  

   note, 
  however, 
  he 
  states, 
  "It 
  is 
  the 
  Lobesia 
  botrana 
  of 
  southern 
  

   Europe 
  according 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Zeller." 
  

  

  About 
  this 
  date 
  Dr. 
  C. 
  V. 
  Riley 
  sent 
  some 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  Ameri- 
  

   can-reared 
  species 
  to 
  Mr. 
  P. 
  C. 
  Zeller, 
  of 
  Stettin, 
  Prussia, 
  who 
  iden- 
  

   tified 
  them 
  as 
  the 
  European 
  species 
  Lobesia 
  botrana 
  and 
  Packard's 
  

   footnote 
  quoted 
  above 
  is 
  doubtless 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  Zeller's 
  identifica- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  specimens 
  sent 
  to 
  Europe 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Riley. 
  

  

  From 
  1870 
  until 
  1903 
  American 
  entomologists 
  accepted 
  the 
  state- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  Zeller 
  that 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  found 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  was 
  

   of 
  European 
  origin. 
  In 
  1903, 
  however, 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  was 
  

   taken 
  up 
  by 
  Prof. 
  M. 
  V. 
  Slingerland 
  in 
  the 
  vineyards 
  of 
  Chautauqua 
  

   County, 
  X. 
  Y. 
  Owing 
  chiefly 
  to 
  some 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  

   hibernation 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  species 
  from 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  

   species 
  — 
  namely, 
  that 
  it 
  makes 
  its 
  overwintering 
  cocoons 
  on 
  fallen 
  

   leaves, 
  whereas 
  cocoons 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  species 
  are 
  found 
  upon 
  the 
  

   trellis 
  posts 
  and 
  the 
  trunks 
  of 
  the 
  vines 
  — 
  and 
  since 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  

   this 
  the 
  American 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  is 
  quite 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  fruit 
  of 
  

   wild 
  grapevines 
  growing 
  at 
  considerable 
  distance's 
  from 
  cultivated 
  

   grapevines. 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  was 
  led 
  to 
  surmise 
  that 
  the 
  American 
  

   grape-berry 
  moth 
  is 
  a 
  native 
  American 
  species. 
  

   80141°— 
  Bull. 
  1H». 
  pi 
  2—12 
  2 
  

  

  