﻿18 
  DECIDUOUS 
  FKUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  accepting 
  the 
  conclusion 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Riley 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Zeller 
  

   that 
  the 
  American 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  is 
  an 
  introduced 
  species, 
  Ameri- 
  

   can 
  entomologists 
  previous 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland's 
  investigations 
  

   were 
  under 
  the 
  impression 
  that 
  this 
  insect 
  fed 
  and 
  reproduced 
  on 
  sev- 
  

   eral 
  plants 
  other 
  than 
  the 
  grapevine. 
  During 
  his 
  investigation 
  of 
  

   this 
  insect 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  reared 
  adult 
  moths 
  from 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  

   plants 
  upon 
  which 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  was 
  supposed 
  to 
  feed 
  and 
  

   in 
  no 
  case 
  was 
  this 
  insect 
  reared 
  from 
  any 
  other 
  plants 
  than 
  from 
  the 
  

   fruit 
  and 
  blossom 
  clusters 
  of 
  the 
  wild 
  and 
  the 
  cultivated 
  grapevines. 
  

   Authentic 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  species 
  were 
  secured 
  by 
  him, 
  

   and 
  these, 
  together 
  with 
  moths 
  reared 
  from 
  other 
  plants 
  and 
  sup- 
  

   posed 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth, 
  were 
  turned 
  over 
  to 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  D. 
  

   Kearfott 
  for 
  comparison 
  with 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  American 
  grape- 
  

   berry 
  moths 
  reared 
  from 
  the 
  fruit 
  of 
  both 
  wild 
  and 
  cultivated 
  grapes. 
  

  

  These 
  comparisons 
  and 
  rearing 
  records 
  made 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Kearfott 
  and 
  

   Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  have 
  resulted 
  in 
  the 
  former 
  separating 
  the 
  Poly- 
  

   chrosis 
  viteana 
  of 
  Clemens 
  from 
  the 
  European 
  species 
  and 
  consid- 
  

   ering 
  it 
  a 
  distinctly 
  native 
  American 
  species 
  feeding 
  and 
  reproduc- 
  

   ing 
  solely 
  upon 
  the 
  blossom 
  clusters 
  and 
  the 
  fruit 
  of 
  wild 
  and 
  culti- 
  

   vated 
  grapevines. 
  Closely 
  related 
  forms 
  of 
  Polychrosis 
  reared 
  from 
  

   plants 
  other 
  than 
  the 
  grape 
  have 
  been 
  divided 
  by 
  Kearfott 
  into 
  

   several 
  new 
  species. 
  

  

  ORIGIN 
  AND 
  DISTRIBUTION. 
  

  

  In 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  origin 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth, 
  as 
  mentioned 
  

   under 
  the 
  topic 
  dealing 
  with 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  this 
  insect, 
  American 
  

   entomologists 
  previous 
  to 
  the 
  investigations 
  of 
  Prof. 
  M. 
  V. 
  Slinger- 
  

   land 
  considered 
  it 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  introduced 
  from 
  Europe. 
  On 
  page 
  

   56 
  of 
  Bulletin 
  No. 
  223 
  of 
  the 
  Cornell 
  Agricultural 
  Experiment 
  Station 
  

   issued 
  during 
  1904, 
  Slingerland 
  gives 
  several 
  paragraphs 
  under 
  the 
  

   heading 
  " 
  Comparative 
  notes 
  on 
  the 
  American 
  and 
  European 
  grape- 
  

   berry 
  moths" 
  which 
  present 
  his 
  views 
  and 
  conclusions 
  on 
  this 
  subject. 
  

   These 
  are 
  as 
  follows: 
  

  

  Comparative 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  American 
  and 
  European 
  Grape-Berry 
  Moths. 
  

  

  In 
  1860, 
  Clemens 
  (Proc. 
  Acad. 
  Nat. 
  Sci. 
  Phila., 
  p. 
  369) 
  named 
  some 
  moths 
  Endo- 
  

   piza? 
  viteana 
  which 
  he 
  reared 
  from 
  caterpillars 
  feeding 
  on 
  grape-berries, 
  wild 
  raspberry 
  

   fruits, 
  and 
  leaves 
  of 
  sassafras. 
  About 
  eight 
  years 
  later, 
  the 
  grape-feeder 
  attained 
  the 
  

   rank 
  of 
  a 
  serious 
  pest 
  in 
  vineyards, 
  and 
  two 
  other 
  names 
  were 
  suggested 
  for 
  it. 
  Rath- 
  

   von 
  (Prac. 
  Farmer, 
  Nov. 
  and 
  Dec, 
  1868, 
  p. 
  170 
  and 
  48) 
  called 
  it 
  the 
  grape 
  codling- 
  

   moth 
  (Carpocapsa 
  vitisella) 
  and 
  Packard 
  gave 
  it 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Penthina 
  vitivorana 
  

   (Guide 
  the 
  Study 
  of 
  Insects, 
  p. 
  336). 
  In 
  1870, 
  however, 
  Riley 
  sent 
  specimens 
  to 
  

   Zeller 
  in 
  Prussia, 
  and 
  he 
  said 
  they 
  were 
  identical 
  with 
  the 
  European 
  grape-berry 
  

   moth 
  (Eudemis 
  botrana 
  Schiff.), 
  thus 
  relegating 
  the 
  American 
  names 
  into 
  the 
  syn- 
  

   onymy 
  where 
  they 
  have 
  since 
  remained 
  undisturbed. 
  As 
  soon 
  as 
  we 
  found 
  that 
  the 
  

   insect 
  infesting 
  New 
  York 
  grape-berries 
  was 
  not 
  following 
  the 
  scheduled 
  life-history 
  

   of 
  the 
  European 
  pest, 
  doubts 
  at 
  once 
  arose 
  regarding 
  the 
  identity 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  

  

  