﻿THE 
  GKAPE-BERRY 
  MOTH. 
  19 
  

  

  and 
  European 
  grape-berry 
  moths 
  in 
  spite 
  of 
  Zeller's 
  dictum 
  which 
  had 
  stood 
  unques- 
  

   tioned 
  for 
  over 
  thirty 
  years. 
  Several 
  authentic 
  specimens 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  moths 
  

   were 
  obtained 
  and 
  have 
  been 
  critically 
  compared 
  by 
  an 
  expert, 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  D. 
  Kearfott, 
  

   with 
  dozens 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  reared 
  from 
  American 
  grapes, 
  both 
  wild 
  and 
  cultivated, 
  

   and 
  also 
  with 
  the 
  type 
  specimens 
  of 
  Clemens's 
  viteana 
  and 
  some 
  of 
  Riley's 
  material. 
  

   Briefly 
  stated, 
  the 
  conclusion 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  American 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  is 
  Clemens's 
  

   viteana 
  which 
  is 
  distinct 
  and 
  easily 
  separable 
  from 
  the 
  European 
  insect. 
  This 
  con- 
  

   clusion, 
  based 
  on 
  a 
  comparison 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  alone, 
  is 
  strongly 
  supported 
  by 
  our 
  ob- 
  

   servations 
  on 
  the 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  life-history 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  insects, 
  and 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   the 
  American 
  insect 
  freely 
  infests 
  both 
  our 
  wild 
  and 
  cultivated 
  grapes. 
  

  

  The 
  general 
  coloration 
  of 
  the 
  moth 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  insect 
  * 
  * 
  * 
  is 
  an 
  ashy 
  gray 
  

   with 
  pale 
  grayish 
  hind 
  wings, 
  while 
  the 
  American 
  moths 
  range 
  a 
  trifle 
  smaller, 
  and 
  

   are 
  of 
  a 
  general 
  purplish-brown 
  color 
  with 
  smoky-brown 
  hind 
  wings. 
  And 
  the 
  large 
  

   outer 
  marginal 
  patch 
  near 
  the 
  fringe 
  of 
  the 
  front 
  wings 
  affords 
  a 
  sure 
  and 
  easy 
  distin- 
  

   guishing 
  mark 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  insects. 
  In 
  the 
  European 
  botrana, 
  the 
  outer 
  edge 
  of 
  

   this 
  pale 
  olive-green 
  patch 
  is 
  rounded 
  and 
  not 
  indented 
  below, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  American 
  

   viteana 
  this 
  dark-brown 
  patch 
  is 
  indented 
  above 
  the 
  anal 
  angle 
  by 
  a 
  spur 
  of 
  the 
  lighter 
  

   ground 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  wing. 
  This 
  characteristic 
  difference 
  is 
  well 
  shown 
  in 
  Fig. 
  24. 
  

   There 
  is 
  considerable 
  variation 
  in 
  the 
  indentation 
  of 
  this 
  patch 
  in 
  viteana 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  

   always 
  present; 
  we 
  have 
  a 
  few 
  specimens 
  where 
  the 
  indentation 
  extends 
  through 
  the 
  

   patch, 
  thus 
  making 
  it 
  smaller 
  and 
  separating 
  off 
  a 
  narrow 
  strip 
  of 
  it 
  on 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  

   wing, 
  but 
  this 
  usually 
  occurs 
  on 
  one 
  wing 
  only, 
  the 
  other 
  being 
  nearly 
  normally 
  

   indented. 
  Superficially 
  the 
  two 
  insects 
  are 
  marked 
  much 
  alike, 
  but 
  are 
  easily 
  dis- 
  

   tinguished 
  by 
  the 
  characteristic 
  differences 
  in 
  general 
  coloration 
  and 
  the 
  outer 
  mar- 
  

   ginal 
  patch. 
  Both 
  species 
  are 
  somewhat 
  variable 
  in 
  size 
  and 
  markings, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  

   Figs. 
  20 
  and 
  24. 
  

  

  An 
  excellent, 
  detailed, 
  75-page 
  account 
  by 
  G. 
  Del 
  Guercio 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  grape- 
  

   berry 
  moth 
  was 
  published 
  in 
  1889 
  (Nouve 
  Relazioni 
  R. 
  Stazione 
  di 
  Entomologia 
  

   Agraria 
  di 
  Firenze, 
  Serie 
  Prima, 
  No. 
  I, 
  p. 
  117-193). 
  In 
  a 
  careful 
  comparison 
  of 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  stages 
  of 
  our 
  American 
  species 
  with 
  Guercio's 
  descriptions, 
  we 
  found 
  

   but 
  few 
  minor 
  differences. 
  

  

  The 
  bulletin 
  from 
  which 
  this 
  quotation 
  was 
  made 
  also 
  contains 
  

   descriptions, 
  on 
  pages 
  57 
  to 
  59, 
  of 
  several 
  new 
  species 
  of 
  Polychrosis, 
  

   by 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  D. 
  Kearfott, 
  under 
  the 
  title 
  " 
  Descriptive 
  notes 
  of 
  some 
  new 
  

   species 
  of 
  American 
  moths 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  confused 
  with 
  the 
  grape- 
  

   berry 
  moth." 
  The 
  verdict 
  of 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  that 
  viteana 
  is 
  a 
  

   native 
  American 
  species 
  is 
  now 
  quite 
  generally 
  accepted 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  

   followed 
  in 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  this 
  paper. 
  

  

  According 
  to 
  existing 
  authentic 
  records 
  of 
  its 
  occurrence 
  in 
  North 
  

   America 
  its 
  distribution 
  is 
  confined 
  to 
  those 
  eastern 
  and 
  west-central 
  

   States 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  and 
  to 
  those 
  eastern 
  provinces 
  of 
  Canada 
  

   in 
  which 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  wild 
  and 
  improved 
  varieties 
  of 
  American 
  

   species 
  of 
  grapes 
  is 
  of 
  considerable 
  extent 
  (see 
  fig. 
  4). 
  For, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  

   is 
  known 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time, 
  this 
  insect 
  confines 
  its 
  depredations 
  

   entirely 
  to 
  the 
  fruit 
  of 
  native 
  and 
  improved 
  varieties 
  of 
  American 
  

   species 
  of 
  grapes. 
  It 
  is 
  not 
  known 
  to 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  vineyards 
  of 
  the 
  

   Pacific 
  slope 
  and 
  of 
  adjoining 
  States 
  where 
  the 
  grapevines 
  grown 
  arc 
  

   almost 
  entirely 
  of 
  the 
  European 
  or 
  vinifera 
  type. 
  

  

  The 
  States 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  has 
  been 
  recorded 
  

   are 
  given 
  in 
  about 
  the 
  order 
  of 
  destructive 
  occurrence 
  of 
  the 
  inset 
  

  

  