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  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  1868, 
  infesting 
  seeds 
  of 
  several 
  varieties 
  of 
  cultivated 
  grapes, 
  namely, 
  

   Clinton, 
  Delaware, 
  Rogers 
  No. 
  4, 
  and 
  an 
  unnamed 
  seedling 
  variety. 
  

   Since 
  that 
  time, 
  however, 
  this 
  insect 
  has 
  failed 
  to 
  materialize 
  as 
  a 
  

   serious 
  enemy 
  to 
  cultivated 
  varieties 
  of 
  grapes. 
  The 
  adult 
  is 
  a 
  minute 
  

   hymenopterous 
  fly. 
  The 
  female 
  insect 
  deposits 
  its 
  eggs 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  

   its 
  long 
  ovipositor 
  through 
  the 
  pulp 
  of 
  the 
  grape 
  berry 
  into 
  the 
  seed. 
  

   The 
  larva 
  hatching 
  from 
  this 
  egg 
  is 
  a 
  minute 
  grub, 
  which 
  feeds 
  upon, 
  

   the 
  pulp 
  within 
  the 
  seed, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  reaches 
  full 
  development. 
  

   Grape 
  berries 
  infested 
  by 
  this 
  pest 
  shrivel 
  and 
  drop 
  before 
  the 
  ripen- 
  

   ing 
  period. 
  This 
  shriveled 
  condition 
  of 
  the 
  berries 
  infested 
  by 
  this 
  

   grape-seed 
  chalcis 
  is 
  the 
  only 
  evidence 
  of 
  its 
  injury 
  that 
  is 
  likely 
  to 
  

   be 
  confused 
  with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth. 
  

  

  DESCRIPTION. 
  

  

  THE 
  EGG. 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  are 
  oval, 
  scale-like, 
  semitrans- 
  

   parent 
  bodies 
  about 
  1.75 
  mm. 
  by 
  1.25 
  mm. 
  in 
  diameter. 
  They 
  are 
  

   solidly 
  glued 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  berry 
  and 
  although 
  quite 
  flat 
  the}' 
  

   are 
  somewhat 
  more 
  rounded 
  and 
  smaller 
  than 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  codling; 
  

   moth, 
  which 
  they 
  greatly 
  resemble. 
  Before 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  from 
  

   them 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  not 
  very 
  conspicuous, 
  especially 
  upon 
  the 
  green 
  

   berries, 
  since 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  transparency 
  they 
  become 
  lost 
  in 
  

   the 
  ground 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  berry. 
  The 
  eggshell 
  is 
  finely 
  reticulate. 
  

   The 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  larva 
  can 
  be 
  readily 
  observed 
  through 
  the 
  

   transparent 
  shell. 
  After 
  the 
  larva 
  hatches 
  the 
  eggshell 
  remains 
  upon 
  

   the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  berry 
  and 
  can 
  be 
  more 
  readily 
  seen 
  than 
  the 
  egg 
  

   itself 
  and 
  appears 
  as 
  a 
  whitish 
  spot 
  possessing 
  a 
  pearly 
  iridescence. 
  

   Upon 
  the 
  purple 
  background 
  of 
  the 
  ripening 
  fruit 
  the 
  eggs 
  are 
  much 
  

   more 
  conspicuous 
  than 
  upon 
  the 
  green 
  berries, 
  as 
  shown 
  in 
  figure 
  7. 
  

   The 
  eggs 
  wi 
  tn 
  dark 
  centers 
  have 
  been 
  parasitized 
  by 
  the 
  egg 
  parasite 
  

   Trichogramma 
  pretiosa 
  Riley. 
  

  

  THE 
  LARVA. 
  1 
  

  

  Larva: 
  — 
  9 
  to 
  10 
  mm. 
  Cylindrical, 
  rather 
  robust, 
  tapering 
  from 
  [segment] 
  4 
  to 
  head 
  

   and 
  [segment] 
  8 
  to 
  anal 
  segment. 
  Pale 
  olivaceous-green, 
  with 
  a 
  reddish 
  or 
  purplish 
  

   tinge 
  from 
  food. 
  Head 
  flattened, 
  slightly 
  bilobed, 
  luteous 
  green 
  on 
  upper 
  parts 
  of 
  

   lobes, 
  discolored 
  by 
  brown 
  in 
  front; 
  mouth 
  parts 
  and 
  a 
  horizontal 
  dash 
  on 
  side 
  of 
  

   each 
  lobe 
  below 
  middle 
  black. 
  Pro-thoracic 
  shield 
  large 
  but 
  narrow, 
  luteous 
  brown, 
  

   bisected 
  by 
  pale 
  green 
  dorsal 
  line 
  . 
  Thoracic 
  feet 
  black, 
  green 
  between 
  joints. 
  Tuber- 
  

   cles 
  plates 
  moderate, 
  a 
  slight 
  shade 
  darker 
  than 
  skin, 
  shining. 
  Anal 
  plate 
  not 
  chitin- 
  

   ous. 
  

  

  i 
  Description 
  by 
  W. 
  D. 
  Kearfott, 
  Trans. 
  Amer. 
  EDt. 
  Soc, 
  vol. 
  30, 
  p. 
  293, 
  1904. 
  

  

  