﻿30 
  

  

  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  SEASONAL 
  HISTORY. 
  

  

  Observations 
  on 
  the 
  life 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  extend 
  

   over 
  the 
  seasons 
  of 
  1907 
  ; 
  1908, 
  and 
  1909. 
  During 
  the 
  latter 
  year 
  

   special 
  efforts 
  were 
  made 
  to 
  obtain 
  complete 
  records 
  on 
  the 
  develop- 
  

   ment 
  of 
  the 
  insect 
  in 
  its 
  various 
  stages. 
  In 
  many 
  respects 
  the 
  seasonal 
  

   conditions 
  during 
  1907 
  and 
  1908 
  were 
  unusual, 
  the 
  spring 
  of 
  1907 
  

   being 
  late 
  and 
  the 
  entire 
  season 
  of 
  1908 
  unusually 
  early. 
  The 
  season 
  

   of 
  1909 
  was 
  in 
  most 
  respects 
  normal. 
  

  

  LIFE-HISTORY 
  STUDIES 
  IN 
  1909. 
  

  

  The 
  emergence 
  record 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  brood 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  

   was 
  secured 
  from 
  leaves 
  upon 
  which 
  larvae 
  had 
  made 
  cocoons 
  during 
  

   the 
  fall 
  of 
  1908. 
  These 
  leaves 
  were 
  left 
  out 
  of 
  doors 
  in 
  a 
  cage 
  all 
  

  

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  June 
  July 
  

  

  Fig. 
  10.— 
  Diagram 
  showing 
  time 
  of 
  emergence 
  of 
  spring-brood 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  in 
  1909, 
  at 
  

  

  North 
  East, 
  Pa. 
  (Original.) 
  

  

  winter 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  be 
  subject, 
  as 
  nearly 
  as 
  possible, 
  to 
  natural 
  conditions. 
  

   On 
  May 
  17, 
  1909, 
  1,000 
  of 
  these 
  cocoons 
  were 
  separated 
  from 
  this 
  

   mass 
  of 
  leaves 
  and 
  placed 
  in 
  jars 
  in 
  an 
  outdoor 
  rearing 
  shelter 
  (see 
  

   PI. 
  VII, 
  fig. 
  1) 
  and 
  the 
  following 
  emergence 
  record 
  was 
  secured 
  by 
  a 
  

   daily 
  examination 
  of 
  the 
  jars 
  and 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  all 
  moths. 
  

  

  SPRING 
  BROOD 
  OP 
  MOTHS. 
  

  

  Time 
  of 
  emergence 
  of 
  spring 
  brood 
  of 
  moths. 
  — 
  Table 
  I 
  gives 
  the 
  emer- 
  

   gence 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  moths 
  from 
  these 
  jars. 
  The 
  total 
  number 
  of 
  moths 
  

   to 
  emerge 
  was 
  507. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  moths 
  that 
  emerged 
  from 
  June 
  

   3 
  to 
  June 
  14 
  was 
  28, 
  or 
  5.5 
  per 
  cent; 
  from 
  June 
  14 
  to 
  July 
  14, 
  455, 
  

   or 
  89.8 
  per 
  cent; 
  from 
  July 
  14 
  to 
  August 
  5, 
  24, 
  or 
  4.7 
  per 
  cent. 
  The 
  

   maximum 
  emergence 
  occurred 
  June 
  21. 
  (See 
  fig. 
  10, 
  showing 
  time 
  

   of 
  emergence 
  of 
  the 
  spring-brood 
  moths.) 
  

  

  