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  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  of 
  one 
  specimen 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  in 
  1908 
  was 
  secured. 
  This 
  larva 
  

   hatched 
  June 
  20. 
  It 
  emerged 
  from 
  fruit 
  and 
  started 
  to 
  make 
  its 
  

   pupal 
  case 
  July 
  10, 
  and 
  had 
  transformed 
  to 
  pupa 
  by 
  July 
  12, 
  making 
  

   the 
  larval 
  stage 
  22 
  days 
  in 
  length. 
  This 
  period 
  coincides 
  quite 
  

   closely 
  with 
  the 
  average 
  larval 
  period 
  secured 
  for 
  several 
  larvae 
  of 
  

   the 
  first 
  brood 
  during 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  1909, 
  which 
  was 
  21.25 
  days. 
  

  

  The 
  earliest 
  record 
  of 
  emergence 
  of 
  first 
  -brood 
  moths 
  was 
  made 
  

   on 
  July 
  13 
  from 
  a 
  pupa 
  found 
  July 
  1 
  on 
  a 
  leaf 
  in 
  the 
  rearing 
  cage 
  

   in 
  1908. 
  This 
  is 
  10 
  days 
  earlier 
  than 
  the 
  record 
  for 
  other 
  moths 
  

   from 
  the 
  same 
  source 
  (see 
  Table 
  XX). 
  The 
  emergence 
  record 
  in 
  

   this 
  table 
  is 
  doubtless 
  somewhat 
  abnormally 
  early, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  

   that 
  the 
  temperature 
  in 
  the 
  rearing 
  cage 
  was 
  several 
  degrees 
  higher 
  

   than 
  outside. 
  

  

  Table 
  XX. 
  — 
  Time 
  of 
  emergence 
  of 
  first-brood 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth, 
  North 
  East 
  r 
  

  

  Pa., 
  1908. 
  

  

  Date 
  of 
  

   emer- 
  

   gence. 
  

  

  Num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  

   moths. 
  

  

  Date 
  of 
  

   emer- 
  

   gence. 
  

  

  Num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  

   moths. 
  

  

  Date 
  of 
  

   emer- 
  

   gence. 
  

  

  Num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  

   moths. 
  

  

  Date 
  of 
  

   emer- 
  

   gence. 
  

  

  Num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  

   moths. 
  

  

  July 
  23 
  

   July 
  24 
  

   July 
  25 
  

  

  3 
  

   4 
  

   8 
  

  

  July 
  26 
  

   July 
  27 
  

   July 
  28 
  

  

  26 
  

  

  31 
  

  

  9 
  

  

  July 
  29 
  

   July 
  30 
  

   July 
  31 
  

  

  4 
  

   2 
  

   3 
  

  

  Aug. 
  1 
  

   Total 
  . 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  91 
  

  

  SUMMARY 
  OF 
  LIFE-HISTORY 
  STUDIES 
  OF 
  THE 
  GRAPE-BERRY 
  MOTH. 
  

  

  Life-history 
  studies 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  at 
  North 
  East, 
  Pa., 
  during 
  the 
  

   seasons 
  of 
  1907, 
  1908, 
  and 
  1909 
  indicate 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  only 
  one 
  full 
  brood 
  

   of 
  larvae 
  and 
  a 
  partial 
  second 
  brood 
  each 
  year 
  in 
  the 
  vineyards 
  of 
  the 
  

   Lake 
  Erie 
  Valley. 
  The 
  partial 
  second 
  brood 
  of 
  larvae, 
  however, 
  is 
  

   larger 
  in 
  numbers 
  than 
  the 
  full 
  first 
  brood, 
  probably 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  fatalities 
  that 
  occur 
  among 
  the 
  pupae 
  during 
  

   the 
  winter 
  season 
  which 
  tends 
  materially 
  to 
  lessen 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  

   moths 
  that 
  emerge 
  in 
  the 
  spring. 
  The 
  moths 
  from 
  overwintering 
  

   pupae 
  commence 
  to 
  emerge 
  about 
  June 
  1. 
  (See 
  fig. 
  15, 
  with 
  curve 
  

   showing 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  for 
  the 
  

   season 
  of 
  1909.) 
  Less 
  than 
  25 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  these 
  spring-emerging 
  

   moths 
  appear 
  before 
  the 
  grape 
  is 
  in 
  full 
  bloom. 
  The 
  total 
  emergence 
  

   period 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  moths 
  is 
  about 
  60 
  days. 
  As 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  maxi- 
  

   mum 
  emergence 
  is 
  from 
  June 
  10 
  to 
  July 
  10, 
  it 
  overlaps 
  into 
  the 
  emer- 
  

   gence 
  period 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  brood. 
  About 
  4 
  to 
  6 
  days 
  elapse 
  between 
  the 
  

   emergence 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  and 
  the 
  deposition 
  of 
  eggs. 
  The 
  egg 
  stage 
  of 
  

   the 
  first 
  brood 
  covers 
  about 
  6 
  days. 
  The 
  larval 
  period 
  covers 
  about 
  

   23 
  days 
  and 
  the 
  pupal 
  stage 
  about 
  13 
  days. 
  A 
  small 
  percentage 
  of 
  

   the 
  pupae 
  of 
  this 
  first 
  brood 
  pass 
  the 
  winter. 
  The 
  moths 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  

   brood 
  commence 
  to 
  emerge 
  during 
  the 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  July, 
  -the 
  maxi- 
  

   mum 
  number 
  emerging 
  from 
  about 
  August 
  10 
  to 
  September 
  1. 
  The 
  

   period 
  of 
  incubation 
  of 
  the 
  second-brood 
  eggs 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  longer 
  than 
  

  

  