﻿THE 
  GRAPE-BERRY 
  MOTH. 
  47 
  

  

  Urogaster 
  [=Apanteles] 
  canarsise 
  Ashm. 
  (Ent. 
  Soc. 
  Wash., 
  IV, 
  127, 
  with 
  figure). 
  

   Found 
  the 
  cocoons 
  of 
  this 
  probable 
  parasite 
  in 
  the 
  webbed 
  blossoms 
  where 
  grape-berry 
  

   moth 
  caterpillars 
  had 
  worked. 
  Two 
  specimens 
  emerged 
  on 
  July 
  3 
  and 
  7. 
  Its 
  other 
  

   known 
  host 
  is 
  the 
  Pyralid 
  (Canarsia 
  hammondi). 
  

  

  Thymaris 
  slingerlandana 
  Ashm. 
  [fig. 
  1G] 
  (Can. 
  Ent., 
  XXXVI, 
  Nov., 
  p. 
  333). 
  From 
  

   August 
  15 
  to 
  27, 
  we 
  reared 
  17 
  specimens 
  of 
  this 
  little 
  black 
  Ichneumon 
  with 
  orange- 
  

   colored, 
  light 
  yellow-banded 
  legs 
  from 
  the 
  cocoons 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moths 
  working 
  

   in 
  both 
  wild 
  and 
  cultivated 
  grapes. 
  Its 
  cocoon 
  occupies 
  about 
  half 
  the 
  space 
  inside 
  

   the 
  host's 
  cocoon, 
  and 
  evidently 
  the 
  caterpillar 
  was 
  its 
  victim. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  miscellaneous 
  rearings 
  o£ 
  the 
  different 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  grape- 
  

   berry 
  moth 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  field 
  laboratory 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  

   at 
  North 
  East, 
  Pa. 
  , 
  from 
  1906 
  to 
  1911, 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  life-history 
  

   studies, 
  together 
  with 
  parasitized 
  specimens 
  observed 
  and 
  collected 
  

   in 
  the 
  vineyards, 
  12 
  additional 
  hymenopterous 
  parasites 
  of 
  different 
  

   species 
  have 
  been 
  recorded 
  as 
  preying 
  upon 
  this 
  insect. 
  This 
  makes 
  

   a 
  total 
  list 
  of 
  17 
  different 
  parasites 
  known 
  to 
  prey 
  upon 
  this 
  vineyard 
  

   pest 
  in 
  the 
  Lake 
  Erie 
  Valley 
  at 
  some 
  stage 
  or 
  other 
  of 
  its 
  life 
  cycle. 
  

   This 
  is 
  a 
  long 
  list 
  of 
  natural 
  enemies 
  for 
  an 
  insect. 
  These 
  parasites 
  

   are 
  doubtless 
  an 
  important 
  factor 
  in 
  reducing 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  

   grape-berry 
  moth 
  and 
  their 
  occurrence 
  may 
  explain 
  to 
  some 
  extent 
  

   the 
  fluctuations 
  in 
  its 
  numbers 
  which 
  occur 
  from 
  year 
  to 
  year. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  rearing 
  work 
  conducted 
  at 
  North 
  East, 
  Pa., 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  adult 
  

   parasites 
  emerged 
  from 
  jars 
  containing 
  either 
  larvae 
  or 
  pupae 
  of 
  the 
  

   grape-berry 
  moth 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  between 
  July 
  12 
  and 
  September 
  

   14. 
  No 
  parasites 
  were 
  collected 
  in 
  the 
  early 
  spring 
  from 
  overwinter- 
  

   ing 
  cocoons, 
  although 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  this 
  material 
  was 
  carried 
  over 
  

   the 
  winter 
  of 
  1908 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  making 
  life-history 
  studies 
  dur- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  1909. 
  This 
  would 
  indicate 
  that 
  parasitism 
  is 
  most 
  

   active 
  upon 
  the 
  developing 
  first 
  brood 
  of 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  about 
  the 
  

   period 
  at 
  which 
  this 
  brood 
  exists 
  in 
  the 
  greatest 
  numbers. 
  It 
  would 
  

   seem, 
  therefore, 
  that 
  the 
  great 
  activity 
  of 
  these 
  parasites 
  during 
  this 
  

   period 
  must 
  be 
  an 
  important 
  factor 
  in 
  curtailing 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  

   of 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  larvae 
  that 
  is 
  so 
  destructive 
  to 
  the 
  grape 
  berries 
  

   at 
  the 
  approach 
  of 
  the 
  ripening 
  season. 
  

  

  Five 
  of 
  the 
  parasites 
  reared 
  were 
  braconids, 
  seven 
  were 
  ichneu- 
  

   monids, 
  all 
  reared 
  from 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae, 
  and 
  one, 
  a 
  chalcidid, 
  

   reared 
  from 
  the 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth. 
  All 
  of 
  the 
  parasites 
  

   with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  parasites 
  were 
  determined 
  by 
  Mr. 
  II. 
  L. 
  

   Viereck, 
  of 
  the 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology. 
  Their 
  names 
  are 
  given 
  in 
  

   Table 
  XXI. 
  which 
  also 
  gives 
  the 
  date 
  of 
  their 
  emergence, 
  the 
  stage 
  

   of 
  the 
  host, 
  the 
  number 
  reared, 
  and 
  the 
  other 
  host 
  insects 
  from 
  

   which 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  previously 
  recorded. 
  

  

  