﻿50 
  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  The 
  infested 
  clusters 
  shown 
  in 
  Plate 
  VI, 
  figures 
  1-2, 
  were 
  taken 
  from 
  

   this 
  vineyard. 
  In 
  not 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  vineyards 
  in 
  this 
  area 
  is 
  serious 
  infes- 
  

   tation 
  so 
  general. 
  In 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  serious 
  infestation 
  is 
  quite 
  local 
  

   and 
  in 
  others 
  the 
  injury 
  is 
  almost 
  negligible. 
  Outside 
  of 
  this 
  area 
  

   infestation 
  in 
  vineyards 
  in 
  Erie 
  County, 
  Pa., 
  is 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  local. 
  

   Yet 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  always 
  present 
  in 
  sufficient 
  numbers 
  to 
  become 
  a 
  

   menace 
  at 
  any 
  time 
  that 
  natural 
  conditions 
  favor 
  its 
  rapid 
  increase, 
  

   and 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  the 
  insect 
  is 
  responsible 
  for 
  a 
  greater 
  shrink- 
  

   age 
  in 
  crop 
  yield 
  than 
  most 
  vineyardists 
  are 
  aware. 
  

  

  REMEDIAL 
  MEASURES. 
  

  

  Several 
  methods 
  for 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  

   moth 
  have 
  been 
  recommended, 
  namely, 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  fallen 
  

   leaves, 
  plowing 
  the 
  vineyard 
  late 
  in 
  the 
  fall 
  or 
  very 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  

   spring, 
  bagging 
  the 
  clusters, 
  picking 
  the 
  infested 
  berries, 
  removal 
  of 
  

   infested 
  berries 
  from 
  the 
  vineyard 
  during 
  the 
  harvesting 
  season, 
  and 
  

   the 
  use 
  of 
  poison 
  sprays. 
  

  

  THE 
  DESTRUCTION 
  OF 
  FALLEN 
  LEAVES. 
  

  

  Since 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  brood 
  on 
  leaving 
  the 
  ripening 
  fruit 
  

   make 
  their 
  cocoons 
  upon 
  the 
  leaves 
  of 
  the 
  grapevine, 
  the 
  destruction 
  

   of 
  the 
  fallen 
  leaves 
  has 
  been 
  frequently 
  recommended 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  

   control. 
  Until 
  within 
  recent 
  years, 
  however, 
  it 
  was 
  not 
  known 
  that 
  

   practically 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  overwintering 
  larvae, 
  on 
  leaving 
  the 
  fruit, 
  instead 
  

   of 
  forming 
  their 
  cocoons 
  upon 
  the 
  grape 
  leaves 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  vines, 
  

   drop 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  form 
  their 
  hibernating 
  cocoons 
  on 
  the 
  small 
  

   percentage 
  of 
  prematurely 
  fallen 
  leaves. 
  Observations 
  on 
  the 
  hiber- 
  

   nation 
  habits 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  in 
  infested 
  vineyards 
  at 
  North 
  East, 
  Pa., 
  

   in 
  the 
  fall 
  of 
  1906, 
  showed 
  that 
  practically 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  had 
  emerged 
  

   from 
  the 
  fruit 
  by 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  October 
  and 
  that 
  all 
  of 
  

   the 
  larvae 
  and 
  pupae 
  found 
  at 
  that 
  date 
  were 
  in 
  the 
  cocoons 
  made 
  on 
  

   leaves 
  upon 
  the 
  ground 
  directly 
  beneath 
  the 
  trellis. 
  In 
  practically 
  

   all 
  cases 
  the 
  leaves 
  upon 
  which 
  these 
  cocoons 
  were 
  made 
  were 
  in 
  

   close 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  soil 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  sodden 
  condition, 
  

   either 
  from 
  moisture 
  absorbed 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  or 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  fal] 
  

   rains. 
  Many 
  leaves 
  bearing 
  cocoons 
  were 
  plastered 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  as 
  

   a 
  result 
  of 
  beating 
  rains 
  and 
  even 
  at 
  this 
  early 
  date 
  were 
  in 
  such 
  a 
  

   state 
  of 
  semidecay 
  that 
  in 
  attempting 
  to 
  gather 
  the 
  leaves 
  they 
  some- 
  

   times 
  fell 
  to 
  pieces 
  in 
  much 
  the 
  same 
  manner 
  that 
  a 
  rainsoaked 
  sheet 
  

   of 
  newspaper 
  will 
  do 
  under 
  the 
  same 
  conditions. 
  

  

  Although 
  hundreds 
  of 
  cocoons 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  these 
  moist 
  leaves 
  

   upon 
  the 
  ground 
  only 
  one 
  cocoon 
  was 
  found 
  upon 
  the 
  leaves 
  still 
  

   attached 
  to 
  the 
  vines, 
  and 
  this 
  was 
  imperfectly 
  formed. 
  Practically 
  

   all 
  of 
  the 
  fruit 
  on 
  the 
  vines 
  examined 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  October 
  

   had 
  been 
  recently 
  infested 
  and 
  was 
  still 
  hanging 
  upon 
  the 
  vines 
  in 
  

   close 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  foliage. 
  These 
  observations 
  confirm 
  those 
  

  

  