﻿THE 
  GRAPE-BERRY 
  MOTH. 
  51 
  

  

  made 
  by 
  Prof. 
  H. 
  A. 
  Gossard 
  in 
  Ohio 
  during 
  the 
  same 
  season. 
  

   Searches 
  in 
  badly 
  infested 
  vineyards 
  every 
  season 
  since 
  1906 
  have 
  

   shown 
  a 
  similar 
  condition. 
  This 
  habit 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  may 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  

   the 
  fact 
  that 
  at 
  this 
  season 
  the 
  leaves 
  upon 
  the 
  vines 
  are 
  somewhat 
  

   withered 
  and 
  brittle. 
  Hence 
  it 
  would 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  difficult 
  

   for 
  the 
  larvae 
  to 
  fold 
  the 
  flap 
  of 
  the 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  leaf 
  cut 
  out 
  for 
  

   making 
  the 
  cocoon, 
  whereas, 
  when 
  the 
  leaves 
  have 
  fallen 
  to 
  the 
  

   ground 
  and 
  have 
  absorbed 
  moisture 
  from 
  the 
  soil 
  they 
  are 
  less 
  brittle 
  

   and 
  the 
  flap 
  can 
  be 
  folded 
  much 
  more 
  readily. 
  Whether 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  

   true 
  cause 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  seeking 
  the 
  leaves 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  upon 
  which 
  

   to 
  form 
  their 
  overwintering 
  cocoons 
  or 
  not 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  do 
  so 
  

   has 
  an 
  important 
  bearing 
  upon 
  the 
  practice 
  of 
  destroying 
  fallen 
  

   leaves 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  oi 
  destroying 
  the 
  overwintering 
  pupae. 
  Since 
  

   most 
  of 
  the 
  cocoons 
  are 
  made 
  upon 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  leaves 
  which 
  

   are 
  stuck 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  firmly 
  to 
  the 
  ground 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  likelihood 
  

   that 
  many 
  of 
  them 
  will 
  be 
  blown 
  into 
  piles 
  in 
  the 
  corners 
  of 
  vine- 
  

   yards 
  or 
  into 
  hedgerows 
  as 
  has 
  been 
  supposed. 
  Unless 
  these 
  infested 
  

   leaves 
  are 
  gathered 
  carefully 
  before 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  soaking 
  rains 
  during 
  

   the 
  late 
  fall 
  and 
  winter 
  they 
  are 
  likely 
  to 
  fall 
  apart 
  and 
  leave 
  the 
  

   cocoons 
  containing 
  the 
  pupae 
  in 
  the 
  vineyard. 
  Perhaps 
  an 
  attempt 
  

   to 
  gather 
  these 
  infested 
  leaves 
  from 
  the 
  ground 
  beneath 
  the 
  trellis 
  

   during 
  the 
  middle 
  or 
  latter 
  part 
  of 
  October, 
  before 
  the 
  remainder 
  of 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  have 
  fallen 
  from 
  the 
  vines, 
  would 
  prove 
  more 
  effective 
  than 
  

   to 
  try 
  to 
  destroy 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  at 
  a 
  later 
  date. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  

   that 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  pupae 
  can 
  be 
  collected 
  in 
  this 
  way 
  over 
  limited 
  

   areas 
  where 
  the 
  infestation 
  is 
  heavy. 
  Unfortunately, 
  however, 
  the 
  

   vineyardist 
  is 
  too 
  busily 
  engaged 
  in 
  harvesting 
  his 
  grape 
  crop 
  at 
  this 
  

   time 
  to 
  adopt 
  this 
  method 
  of 
  control. 
  

  

  PLOWING 
  IN 
  LATE 
  FALL 
  OR 
  EARLY 
  SPRING. 
  

  

  Since 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  few 
  of 
  the 
  infested 
  leaves 
  are 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  re- 
  

   moved 
  by 
  the 
  winds 
  from 
  the 
  ground 
  beneath 
  the 
  trellis 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  possi- 
  

   ble 
  that 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  them 
  could 
  be 
  destroyed 
  by 
  plowing 
  the 
  badly 
  

   infested 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  vineyards 
  immediately 
  after 
  the 
  crop 
  of 
  grapes 
  

   is 
  harvested 
  and 
  before 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  have 
  fallen 
  from 
  the 
  

   vines. 
  Plowing 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  would 
  be 
  more 
  likely 
  to 
  insure 
  the 
  cover- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  the 
  infested 
  leaves 
  than 
  if 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  leaves 
  had 
  fallen, 
  for 
  then 
  

   the 
  loose 
  leaves 
  would 
  be 
  likely 
  to 
  drive 
  ahead 
  of 
  the 
  plow 
  and 
  force 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  infested 
  leaves 
  to 
  the 
  surface. 
  

  

  Many 
  vineyardists 
  object 
  to 
  fall 
  plowing 
  of 
  vineyards, 
  and, 
  where 
  it 
  

   is 
  impracticable, 
  early 
  spring 
  plowing 
  is 
  surest 
  ed. 
  Care 
  should 
  be 
  

   taken 
  to 
  throw 
  the 
  soil 
  well 
  under 
  the 
  trellis 
  so 
  that 
  all 
  oi* 
  the 
  Leaves 
  

   may 
  be 
  covered. 
  Since 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  percentage 
  of 
  the 
  moths 
  emerge 
  

   before 
  June 
  L, 
  plowing 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  trellis 
  during 
  the 
  month 
  oi" 
  May 
  

   would 
  doubtless 
  cover 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  pup®. 
  

  

  