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  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  In 
  considering 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  the 
  spray 
  experiments 
  presented 
  in 
  

   the 
  foregoing 
  paragraphs 
  the 
  casual 
  reader 
  might 
  infer 
  that 
  the 
  

   benefit 
  derived 
  does 
  not 
  offset 
  the 
  cost 
  of 
  the 
  operation. 
  Charging 
  

   the 
  total 
  expense 
  to 
  this 
  particular 
  insect, 
  this 
  would 
  probably 
  hold 
  

   true 
  for 
  the 
  seasons 
  of 
  1907 
  and 
  1909. 
  The 
  treatment 
  for 
  1908 
  

   shows 
  a 
  cash 
  increase 
  in 
  crop 
  yield, 
  however, 
  which 
  more 
  than 
  offsets 
  

   the 
  cost 
  of 
  spray 
  treatment 
  for 
  that 
  season. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  remem- 
  

   bered, 
  too, 
  that 
  these 
  spray 
  applications 
  serve 
  to 
  protect 
  the 
  grape- 
  

   vines 
  against 
  the 
  grape 
  rootworm 
  and 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  foliage 
  against 
  

   fungous 
  diseases. 
  For 
  both 
  of 
  these 
  infestations 
  it 
  is 
  desirable 
  to 
  

   make 
  the 
  spray 
  applications 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  dates 
  that 
  the 
  appli- 
  

   cations 
  are 
  recommended 
  to 
  be 
  made 
  for 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  

   the 
  grape-berry 
  moth. 
  Hence 
  the 
  additional 
  expense 
  involved 
  in 
  

   the 
  increased 
  amount 
  of 
  spray 
  material 
  used 
  in 
  making 
  applications 
  

   thorough 
  enough 
  to 
  be 
  effective 
  in 
  decreasing 
  the 
  infestation 
  of 
  the 
  

   grape 
  berries 
  by 
  this 
  insect 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  great. 
  

  

  The 
  cost 
  of 
  spray 
  material 
  and 
  labor 
  for 
  each 
  application 
  at 
  the 
  

   rate 
  of 
  about 
  100 
  gallons 
  per 
  acre 
  was 
  approximately 
  $2 
  per 
  acre 
  

   for 
  each 
  application. 
  Furthermore, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  the 
  

   poison-spray 
  application 
  covering 
  the 
  three 
  seasons 
  greatly 
  reduced 
  

   the 
  infestation 
  throughout 
  the 
  vineyard, 
  for 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  third 
  

   season's 
  treatment 
  the 
  infestation 
  was 
  manifestly 
  much 
  less 
  than 
  

   when 
  the 
  experiment 
  was 
  commenced. 
  

  

  RECOMMENDATIONS 
  FOR 
  CONTROL. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  present 
  state 
  of 
  our 
  knowledge 
  of 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  this 
  pest 
  

   and 
  of 
  the 
  methods 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  suggested 
  and 
  employed 
  for 
  its 
  

   control 
  it 
  is 
  impossible 
  to 
  recommend 
  any 
  one 
  method 
  which 
  of 
  

   itself 
  has 
  given 
  results 
  that 
  are 
  as 
  satisfactory 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  wished. 
  

   The 
  life-history 
  studies 
  made 
  during 
  this 
  investigation, 
  which 
  have 
  

   been 
  discussed 
  under 
  that 
  head, 
  indicate 
  that 
  we 
  have 
  been 
  in 
  

   error 
  in 
  assuming 
  that 
  there 
  are 
  three 
  broods 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  in 
  the 
  

   Lake 
  Erie 
  Valley. 
  According 
  to 
  Prof. 
  Slingerland 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  

   develops 
  in 
  the 
  blossom 
  clusters 
  and 
  the 
  recently 
  set 
  berries. 
  The 
  

   summer 
  or 
  second 
  brood 
  develops 
  on 
  the 
  green 
  grapes 
  during 
  July 
  

   and 
  early 
  August 
  and 
  a 
  partial 
  third 
  brood 
  occurs 
  in 
  autumn. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  strength 
  of 
  these 
  statements 
  much 
  emphasis 
  has 
  been 
  

   placed 
  upon 
  the 
  importance 
  and 
  probable 
  efficiency 
  of 
  a 
  poison 
  spray 
  

   applied 
  to 
  the 
  vines 
  just 
  previous 
  to 
  blossoming 
  to 
  destroy 
  the 
  

   larvae 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  which 
  feed 
  upon 
  the 
  blossom 
  cluster. 
  The 
  

   life-history 
  studies 
  made 
  during 
  this 
  investigation, 
  however, 
  indi- 
  

   cate 
  that 
  only 
  about 
  25 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  spring 
  moths 
  emerge 
  pre- 
  

   vious 
  and 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  blossom 
  buds 
  break 
  into 
  bloom. 
  

   Hence 
  no 
  matter 
  how 
  effective 
  this 
  first 
  poison 
  application 
  may 
  be 
  

   in 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  actually 
  feeding 
  upon 
  the 
  blossom 
  

  

  