﻿THE 
  GRAPE-BERRY 
  MOTH. 
  63 
  

  

  clusters 
  it 
  is 
  ineffective 
  against 
  the 
  larger 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  brood 
  

   of 
  larvae, 
  since 
  at 
  this 
  time 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  portion 
  of 
  them 
  have 
  hatched. 
  

   On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  it 
  is 
  of 
  great 
  importance 
  to 
  destroy 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  

   possible 
  of 
  these 
  early 
  appearing 
  larvae, 
  since 
  the 
  adults 
  into 
  which 
  

   they 
  develop 
  deposit 
  eggs 
  for 
  the 
  second 
  brood. 
  With 
  our 
  present 
  

   knowledge 
  that 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  this 
  first 
  brood 
  do 
  not 
  

   appear 
  until 
  after 
  the 
  berries 
  have 
  set, 
  this 
  first 
  poison 
  application 
  

   previous 
  to 
  blossoming 
  can 
  no 
  longer 
  be 
  emphasized 
  as 
  the 
  most 
  

   important 
  spray 
  treatment, 
  to 
  the 
  extent 
  of 
  regarding 
  later 
  applica- 
  

   tions 
  as 
  of 
  little 
  value 
  or 
  of 
  withholding 
  them 
  entirely. 
  In 
  fact, 
  

   with 
  the 
  knowledge 
  that 
  the 
  majority 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  after 
  the 
  

   blooming 
  period 
  during 
  the 
  first 
  two 
  weeks 
  in 
  July, 
  additional 
  atten- 
  

   tion 
  should 
  be 
  given 
  to 
  making 
  the 
  spray 
  application 
  very 
  thorough 
  

   during 
  this 
  period. 
  It 
  is 
  quite 
  probable 
  that 
  a 
  single 
  poison-spray 
  

   application 
  just 
  before 
  the 
  blossom 
  buds 
  open, 
  followed 
  by 
  a 
  heavy 
  

   double 
  application 
  about 
  the 
  first 
  week 
  in 
  July 
  just 
  after 
  the 
  berries 
  

   have 
  set 
  and 
  at 
  a 
  time 
  when 
  the 
  maximum 
  number 
  of 
  larvae 
  are 
  

   hatching, 
  will 
  doubtless 
  give 
  the 
  most 
  satisfactorj^ 
  results 
  to 
  be 
  

   secured 
  from 
  a 
  spray 
  treatment. 
  A 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  experimental 
  

   results 
  secured 
  in 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  1908, 
  when 
  this 
  heavy 
  double-appli- 
  

   cation 
  method 
  was 
  followed, 
  indicates 
  that 
  better 
  net 
  results 
  were 
  

   secured 
  from 
  these 
  double 
  spray 
  applications 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  seasons 
  

   of 
  1907 
  and 
  1909, 
  when 
  the 
  plan 
  of 
  making 
  a 
  single 
  application 
  at 
  

   each 
  date 
  of 
  spraying 
  was 
  followed. 
  

  

  Where 
  these 
  heavy 
  double-spray 
  applications 
  are 
  resorted 
  to 
  it 
  is 
  

   suggested 
  that 
  a 
  Bordeaux 
  formula 
  consisting 
  of 
  3 
  pounds 
  of 
  lime 
  

   and 
  3 
  pounds 
  of 
  copper 
  sulphate 
  to 
  50 
  gallons 
  of 
  water 
  be 
  employed 
  

   instead 
  of 
  5 
  pounds 
  of 
  lime 
  and 
  5 
  pounds 
  of 
  copper 
  sulphate 
  as 
  is 
  

   sometimes 
  recommended. 
  The 
  reason 
  for 
  suggesting 
  this 
  weakening 
  

   of 
  the 
  Bordeaux 
  formula 
  is 
  that 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  foliage 
  of 
  the 
  grape- 
  

   vine 
  has 
  been 
  observed 
  to 
  result 
  from 
  very 
  heavy 
  and 
  frequent 
  

   applications 
  of 
  the 
  stronger 
  formula. 
  

  

  In 
  making 
  spray 
  applications 
  against 
  this 
  insect 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  desirable 
  

   thai 
  a 
  high 
  pressure 
  be 
  maintained 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  force 
  the 
  poison 
  spray 
  

   into 
  the 
  cluster 
  so 
  that 
  all 
  of 
  the 
  berries 
  may 
  be 
  covered. 
  (See 
  PI. 
  

   VIII, 
  fig. 
  1, 
  showing 
  size 
  of 
  grape 
  berries 
  at 
  date 
  of 
  second 
  spray 
  

   application, 
  at 
  about 
  the 
  time 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  first-brood 
  eggs 
  of 
  the 
  

   grape-berry 
  moth 
  are 
  deposited.) 
  If 
  at 
  the 
  second 
  spraying 
  this 
  can 
  

   not 
  be 
  done 
  with 
  a 
  stationary 
  nozzle 
  arrangement 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  

   dense 
  foliage, 
  the 
  trailer 
  method 
  of 
  application 
  used 
  against 
  the 
  

   grape 
  leafhoppcr 
  may 
  be 
  employed. 
  (See 
  PI. 
  VIII, 
  fig. 
  2.) 
  

  

  When 
  the 
  grape 
  Leafhopper 
  is 
  at 
  all 
  numerous 
  In 
  vineyards 
  where 
  

   spraying 
  treatment 
  for 
  the 
  grape-berry 
  moth 
  is 
  necessary, 
  a 
  combi- 
  

   nation 
  spray 
  may 
  be 
  used 
  against 
  both 
  insects 
  during 
  the 
  early 
  

   pari 
  of 
  July, 
  using 
  the 
  "trailer" 
  method 
  of 
  application. 
  

  

  