﻿92 
  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  A 
  few 
  years 
  ago 
  the 
  Missouri 
  fruit 
  growers 
  suffered 
  considerable 
  

   loss 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  this 
  same 
  leaf-roller. 
  

  

  Because 
  of 
  the 
  increasing 
  economic 
  importance 
  of 
  this 
  insect 
  the 
  

   Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  started 
  investigations 
  in 
  1911 
  at 
  Espanola, 
  

   N. 
  Mex., 
  with 
  which 
  work 
  the 
  writer 
  was 
  charged, 
  under 
  the 
  direc- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  L. 
  Quaintance. 
  During 
  the 
  season 
  of 
  1911 
  little 
  was 
  

   accomplished 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  stress 
  of 
  work 
  along 
  other 
  lines 
  in 
  fruit 
  

   sections 
  that 
  were 
  not 
  troubled 
  with 
  the 
  leaf-roller. 
  On 
  account 
  of 
  

   the 
  seriousness 
  of 
  the 
  outbreak 
  at 
  Canon 
  City, 
  Colo., 
  it 
  was 
  decided 
  

   to 
  maintain 
  a 
  temporary 
  field 
  station 
  at 
  that 
  place 
  during 
  1912 
  for 
  

   conducting 
  orchard 
  spraying 
  experiments 
  and 
  life-history 
  studies 
  of 
  

   the 
  insect. 
  The 
  investigations 
  during 
  this 
  time 
  have 
  shown 
  the 
  

   value 
  of 
  certain 
  practical 
  measures 
  for 
  the 
  control 
  of 
  this 
  pest, 
  and 
  

   have 
  resulted 
  in 
  the 
  obtaining 
  of 
  considerable 
  data 
  on 
  its 
  life 
  history. 
  

   The 
  object 
  of 
  the 
  present 
  publication 
  is 
  to 
  give 
  as 
  much 
  information 
  

   as 
  is 
  now 
  available 
  about 
  the 
  leaf-roller 
  and 
  methods 
  for 
  its 
  control. 
  

  

  The 
  writer 
  wishes 
  especially 
  to 
  thank 
  the 
  orchardists 
  of 
  Colorado 
  

   and 
  New 
  Mexico 
  who 
  have 
  assisted 
  in 
  this 
  work. 
  

  

  HISTORY. 
  

  

  The 
  fruit-tree 
  leaf 
  -roller 
  was 
  first 
  described 
  by 
  Walker 
  in 
  1863 
  

   under 
  the 
  name 
  Retinia 
  argyrospila, 
  from 
  material 
  collected 
  in 
  Geor- 
  

   gia. 
  In 
  1869 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  recognized 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  by 
  Robinson 
  as 
  

   doing 
  damage, 
  and 
  was 
  redescribed 
  as 
  a 
  new 
  species, 
  Tortrix 
  furvana. 
  

   The 
  following 
  year 
  (1870) 
  Packard 
  described 
  it 
  as 
  a 
  new 
  species, 
  

   naming 
  it 
  Tortrix 
  v-signatana 
  and 
  giving 
  its 
  distribution 
  as 
  "Maine 
  

   to 
  Georgia 
  and 
  Texas 
  and 
  Missouri/' 
  and 
  its 
  food 
  plants 
  as 
  black 
  

   walnut, 
  maple, 
  cherry, 
  and 
  horse-chestnut. 
  Packard 
  also 
  gave 
  a 
  

   description 
  of 
  its 
  life 
  history 
  and 
  food 
  plants 
  in 
  the 
  Fifth 
  Report 
  of 
  

   the 
  United 
  States 
  Entomological 
  Commission, 
  pages 
  192, 
  195, 
  329, 
  

   425, 
  530, 
  and 
  655. 
  In 
  an 
  article 
  in 
  Insect 
  Life, 
  Volume 
  III, 
  page 
  

   19, 
  by 
  Riley 
  and 
  Howard, 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  mentioned 
  as 
  a 
  rose 
  pest. 
  

   Lintner 
  included 
  it 
  in 
  his 
  Eleventh 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  Entomologist 
  

   of 
  New 
  York 
  (1896) 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  356 
  species 
  of 
  insects 
  that 
  were 
  

   enemies 
  of 
  the 
  apple. 
  Gillette, 
  in 
  Bulletin 
  No. 
  26 
  of 
  the 
  Division 
  of 
  

   Entomology, 
  United 
  States 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture 
  (1900), 
  men- 
  

   tions 
  it 
  as 
  a 
  general 
  feeder, 
  and 
  in 
  the 
  Thirteenth 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  

   the 
  Colorado 
  Experiment 
  Station 
  (1900), 
  page 
  123, 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  men- 
  

   tioned. 
  In 
  Bulletin 
  No. 
  27 
  of 
  the 
  Division 
  of 
  Entomology 
  (1901), 
  page 
  

   88, 
  Chittenden 
  refers 
  to 
  it 
  as 
  affecting 
  the 
  rose. 
  Holland, 
  in 
  "The 
  

   Moth 
  Book," 
  page 
  422, 
  plate 
  48, 
  fig. 
  34, 
  discusses 
  this 
  species, 
  and 
  

   it 
  is 
  included 
  in 
  Dyar's 
  List 
  of 
  North 
  American 
  Lepidoptera, 
  page 
  

   480, 
  with 
  its 
  distribution 
  limited 
  to 
  California 
  and 
  Colorado. 
  In 
  

   Bulletin 
  No. 
  38 
  of 
  the 
  Division 
  of 
  Entomology, 
  page 
  36, 
  Mr. 
  A. 
  N. 
  

   Caudell 
  gives 
  an 
  account 
  of 
  it 
  as 
  infesting 
  ash 
  in 
  Colorado. 
  Horsfall, 
  

  

  