﻿THE 
  FRUIT-TREE 
  LEAF-ROLLER. 
  

  

  97 
  

  

  THE 
  PUPA. 
  

  

  The 
  pupa 
  is 
  rather 
  variable 
  in 
  size. 
  The 
  average 
  dimensions 
  of 
  

   10 
  pupae 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  10.3 
  by 
  3.1 
  mm. 
  The 
  general 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  

   pupa 
  when 
  first 
  formed 
  is 
  an 
  olive 
  green, 
  but 
  later 
  changes 
  to 
  a 
  light 
  

   brown 
  and 
  finally 
  to 
  a 
  dark 
  brown. 
  The 
  entire 
  ventral 
  surface, 
  

   including 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  thoracic 
  regions, 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  dark-brown 
  color 
  and 
  

   the 
  remainder 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  of 
  a 
  much 
  lighter 
  brown. 
  The 
  wing 
  

   sheaths 
  are 
  rather 
  broad, 
  extending 
  about 
  one-half 
  the 
  total 
  length 
  

   of 
  the 
  pupa. 
  Just 
  ventral 
  to 
  the 
  spiracles 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  abdo- 
  

   men 
  are 
  two 
  short 
  setae. 
  On 
  each 
  abdominal 
  segment, 
  from 
  the 
  

   third 
  to 
  the 
  last, 
  on 
  the 
  ventral 
  portion 
  is 
  a 
  pronounced 
  chitinous 
  

   serrated 
  ridge. 
  The 
  second 
  abdominal 
  segment 
  has 
  traces 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  

   these 
  ridges. 
  The 
  posterior 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  pupa 
  is 
  supplied 
  with 
  a 
  well- 
  

   developed 
  cremaster. 
  (PL 
  XII, 
  fig. 
  3.) 
  

  

  LIFE 
  HISTORY 
  AND 
  HABITS. 
  

  

  The 
  life-history 
  records 
  were 
  obtained 
  at 
  Canon 
  City, 
  Colo., 
  during 
  

   the 
  season 
  of 
  1912 
  in 
  an 
  open-air 
  insectary 
  or 
  shelter 
  in 
  which 
  glass 
  

   jars 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  rearing 
  cages. 
  In 
  all 
  cases 
  apple 
  foliage 
  was 
  used 
  

   as 
  food 
  for 
  the 
  larvae. 
  

  

  LARVAL 
  STAGE. 
  

  

  The 
  hatching 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  extended 
  over 
  a 
  period 
  of 
  12 
  days. 
  The 
  

   earliest 
  larvae 
  hatched 
  April 
  27 
  and 
  the 
  latest 
  ones 
  on 
  May 
  9. 
  As 
  

   soon 
  as 
  the 
  larvae 
  hatch 
  from 
  the 
  eggs 
  they 
  gnaw 
  their 
  way 
  through 
  

   the 
  protective 
  covering 
  which 
  the 
  females 
  deposit 
  over 
  the 
  egg 
  masses 
  

   during 
  oviposition. 
  The 
  duration 
  of 
  the 
  larval 
  period 
  showed 
  a 
  

   considerable 
  variation. 
  The 
  number 
  of 
  days 
  spent 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  

   for 
  203 
  individuals 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  table: 
  

  

  Table 
  I. 
  — 
  Length 
  of 
  larval 
  .stage 
  of 
  the 
  fruit-tree 
  leaf-roller, 
  Canon 
  City, 
  Colo., 
  1912. 
  

  

  Dale 
  

  

  larvae 
  

  

  hatched. 
  

  

  Number 
  

   of 
  larvae 
  

   under 
  ob- 
  

   servation 
  

   thai 
  trans- 
  

   formed 
  to 
  

   pup>e. 
  

  

  r 
  

  

  arvsB 
  pupating 
  in 
  

  

  specified 
  days 
  from 
  time 
  of 
  hatching. 
  

  

  24 
  

  

  2.-. 
  

  

  26 
  

  

  27 
  

  

  28 
  

  

  29 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  31 
  

  

  32 
  

  

  3, 
  

  

  34 
  

  

  3.5 
  

  

  Total 
  

   num- 
  

   ber 
  of 
  

   days. 
  

  

  Apr. 
  27 
  

  

  ...do 
  

  

  Apr. 
  29 
  

  

  Mav 
  2 
  

  

  May 
  :< 
  

  

  Mav 
  4 
  

   May 
  7 
  

   May 
  8 
  

   Mav 
  !( 
  

  

  21 
  

   23 
  

   20 
  

   20 
  

   23 
  

   23 
  

   25 
  

   23 
  

   25 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  8 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  7 
  

   3 
  

  

  l 
  

   i 
  

  

  7 
  

   2 
  

  

  6 
  

   3 
  

   2 
  

  

  1 
  

   2 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  i 
  

   1 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  2 
  

  

  5 
  

   2 
  

   2 
  

  

  1 
  

   1 
  

   1 
  

   1 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  

  

  

  1 
  

   5 
  

  

  :. 
  

  

  " 
  : 
  2 
  

  

  :f 
  

  

  \ 
  

  

  

  

  '.> 
  

  

  !> 
  

  

  S 
  

   B 
  

  

  .') 
  

   4 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  ■ 
  > 
  

  

  

  

  .... 
  

  

  2 
  

   1 
  

   2 
  

  

  2 
  

   7 
  

   5 
  

  

  I 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  1 
  

   i 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  203 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  23 
  

  

  44 
  

  

  30 
  

  

  20 
  

  

  l:, 
  

  

  29 
  

  

  17 
  

  

  11 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  5,696 
  

  

  Average 
  time 
  for 
  all 
  Individuals, 
  28.05 
  da} 
  », 
  

  

  