﻿108 
  DECIDUOUS 
  FRUIT 
  INSECTS 
  AND 
  INSECTICIDES. 
  

  

  very 
  carefully 
  on 
  several 
  occasions 
  to 
  see 
  if 
  there 
  was 
  any 
  appreciable 
  

   difference 
  in 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  eggs 
  being 
  deposited 
  in 
  them 
  and 
  in 
  adja- 
  

   cent 
  orchards 
  where 
  lights 
  were 
  not 
  employed. 
  It 
  must 
  be 
  stated 
  

   emphatically 
  that 
  these 
  traps 
  caught 
  vast 
  numbers 
  of 
  the 
  moths, 
  

   but 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  could 
  be 
  determined 
  there 
  was 
  little 
  difference 
  in 
  the 
  

   number 
  of 
  egg 
  masses 
  laid 
  on 
  the 
  trees 
  in 
  these 
  orchards 
  than 
  else- 
  

   where 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  immediate 
  region. 
  Some 
  growers, 
  before 
  the 
  

   moths 
  ceased 
  flying, 
  gave 
  up 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  light 
  traps 
  after 
  they 
  were 
  

   convinced 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  little 
  hope 
  of 
  receiving 
  much 
  benefit 
  in 
  that 
  

   way. 
  Light 
  traps 
  have 
  never 
  proven 
  a 
  success 
  in 
  controlling 
  an 
  

   injurious 
  insect. 
  Although 
  some 
  benefit 
  may 
  be 
  derived, 
  it 
  is 
  so 
  

   slight 
  that 
  other 
  means 
  must 
  be 
  adopted 
  in 
  fighting 
  the 
  pest. 
  

  

  Orchardists 
  have 
  told 
  the 
  writer 
  of 
  their 
  endeavors 
  to 
  get 
  rid 
  of 
  the 
  

   leaf-roller 
  by 
  crushing 
  all 
  egg 
  masses 
  that 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  

   trees. 
  Cases 
  are 
  known 
  where 
  growers 
  have 
  actually 
  hired 
  men 
  to 
  

   go 
  over 
  their 
  trees 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  destroying 
  

   the 
  eggs, 
  thinking 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  possible 
  to 
  control 
  the 
  pest 
  by 
  such 
  

   operations. 
  In 
  the 
  spring 
  they 
  found, 
  much 
  to 
  their 
  surprise, 
  that 
  

   the 
  steps 
  taken 
  during 
  the 
  winter 
  season 
  were 
  of 
  little 
  use, 
  as 
  the 
  

   "worms" 
  appeared, 
  as 
  usual, 
  in 
  enormous 
  numbers 
  on 
  all 
  trees. 
  

   Under 
  orchard 
  conditions 
  it 
  should 
  be 
  distinctly 
  understood 
  that 
  

   there 
  is 
  no 
  hope 
  of 
  practically 
  controlling 
  the 
  leaf-roller 
  by 
  destroy- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  egg 
  masses 
  by 
  hand, 
  because 
  the 
  masses 
  are 
  deposited 
  on 
  all 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  and 
  their 
  small 
  size 
  and 
  close 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  

   color 
  of 
  the 
  bark 
  make 
  their 
  discovery 
  difficult. 
  

  

  CONCLUSIONS. 
  

  

  The 
  fruit-tree 
  leaf-roller 
  in 
  the 
  larval 
  stage 
  has 
  been 
  found 
  difficult 
  

   of 
  control 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  manner 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  larvse 
  feed 
  on 
  the 
  foliage 
  

   and 
  fruit, 
  and 
  also 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  very 
  resistant 
  

   to 
  poison 
  sprays. 
  Applications 
  of 
  arsenicals 
  alone 
  and 
  in 
  combina- 
  

   nation 
  with 
  40 
  per 
  cent 
  nicotine 
  solution 
  have 
  greatly 
  reduced 
  the 
  

   amount 
  of 
  injury 
  to 
  the 
  fruit 
  and 
  foliage, 
  but 
  these 
  sprays 
  have 
  not 
  

   been 
  so 
  effective 
  as 
  is 
  desirable. 
  

  

  A 
  series 
  of 
  experiments 
  for 
  the 
  destruction 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  masses, 
  con- 
  

   ducted 
  during 
  the 
  dormant 
  season, 
  have 
  shown 
  the 
  value 
  of 
  mineral 
  

   oils. 
  Kerosene 
  emulsion, 
  crude-petroleum 
  emulsion, 
  and 
  miscible 
  

   oils 
  have 
  been 
  tested. 
  The 
  last 
  mentioned, 
  when 
  used 
  at 
  the 
  strength 
  

   commonly 
  employed 
  against 
  the 
  San 
  Jose 
  scale 
  — 
  that 
  is, 
  1 
  gallon 
  to 
  15 
  

   gallons 
  of 
  water 
  — 
  will 
  prevent 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  eggs 
  from 
  hatching. 
  

   From 
  93.23 
  to 
  96.21 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  masses 
  were 
  destroyed 
  by 
  

   this 
  material 
  on 
  the 
  experimental 
  plats. 
  Good* 
  results 
  also 
  were 
  

   obtained 
  by 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  kerosene 
  and 
  crude-petroleum 
  emulsions, 
  

   although 
  these 
  substances 
  were, 
  on 
  the 
  whole, 
  not 
  quite 
  equal 
  to 
  the 
  

  

  