14 THE SAX JOSE OK CHINESE SCALE. 



stock was obtained from California, and doubtless from nurseries 

 which were infested with the scale. 



The journey of exploration was continued northward to Tientsin and 

 Pekin. In this region the San Jose scale was found on native plants 

 also, including the flowering peach, a tree grown for ornament solely, 

 and not for fruit, and notably on the native fruits in the markets in 

 these cities. 



The markets of Pekin were of especial interest in this connection. 

 Pekin is the center and market for all the region lying to the north 

 and west, and the streets (PI. lY, fig. 2) devoted to the sale of fruits 

 and other products in the Chinese cit}^ are one of the great show 

 places. The fruit and nut products are brought into Pekin in little 

 two- wheeled carts (PL IV, fig. 1), or more generalh^ on camelback. 

 great caravans of heavily loaded camels and streams of carts constantly 

 entering the city with the products of the outlying provinces. One 

 finds, therefore, in the markets of the Chinese city the fruit products 

 of all northern China, and can stud}' them at ease. All the district 

 lying between Pekin and the great wall, north and west and east, has 

 been most carefullv explored and mapped by the foreign militar}" 

 authorities. From various individuals employed in this minute sur- 

 vey a great deal was learned relative to the fruit growing in the dis- 

 trict indicated. Much of the fruit found in the markets of Pekin 

 comes from the hill region leading up to the mountains separating 

 China from Mongolia and Manchuria. These fruits are native apples, 

 pears, and peaches, and the little haw apple already mentioned. Great 

 quantities of these fruits were examined in the market, with the excep- 

 tion of the peach, which was then out of season, and later similar 

 examinations were made at Tientsin. A very scanty but general infes- 

 tation with San Jose scale was found on the different fruits examined. 

 Perhaps one apple in a hundred would have a few of these scales about 

 the blossom end and the same proportion was true of the haw apple 

 and the native pear. Thruout the region where these fruits are grown 

 there has been no introduction of foreign stock. The occurrence of the 

 San Jose scale on these two fruits was conclusive evidence that in the 

 region whence they came the San Jose scale is native. The scattering 

 occurrence of the scale also indicated, as would be anticipated, that 

 this pest in its native home is kept in check bj^ natural means. 



The investigations made at Shanghai, and later southward to Hong- 

 kong, the Mala}' Peninsula, and Java, indicated that the San Jose 

 scale in eastern Asia can not survive below Shanghai. 



The sp cial distu t where it is native and thrives is a fairly well 

 shut-off r\u"on, w.i"ch probably accounts for the failure of this insect 

 to beco 16 a world pest ages ago. This district is the region leading 

 up to the mountains and comprising the northern and northeastern 



