PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INFESTATION IN THE EAST. 17 



there had been repeated importations, the first indication of injury 

 having been noted six years before. 



On receipt of the Florida specimens Doctor Howard concluded that 

 as the scales had been found in three such widely separated locali- 

 ties, and as the information gained from the owners of two of the 

 affected orchards led to the supposition that the original stock had 

 been obtained from a large eastern nursery, the probabilities were 

 strong that the scale had established itself in many eastern points 

 during the preceding five or six years. He therefore immediately pre- 

 pared a circular of warning and had nearly 12,000 copies mailed early 

 in April to all eastern agricultural newspapers and to very many eastern 

 fruit growers. As a result of the issuing of this circular many new 

 localities for the scale were ascertained, a widespread interest in the 

 subject was aroused, and careful investigations were made in all the 

 States to which there was any likelihood that the insect had been 

 carried by nursery stock or other means. 



By the end of August, 1894, the scale was known to occur in the 

 following localities in the East: In a rather widely extended district 

 in Florida, one locality in Virginia, three in Marj^land, one in Indiana, 

 two in Pennsylvania, many in New Jersey, and one in New York, on 

 the east bank of the Hudson River a little below Albany. Very shortly 

 afterwards, during the same summer, it was found on Long Island, 

 occurring both in orchards and nurseries. Later in the fall the scale 

 was found at three new localities in Marj^land, and still later specimens 

 were received from the extreme southern part of Georgia. In Decem- 

 ber Professor Webster reported receiving the scale from a large 

 orchard district in southern Ohio, and a little later specimens were 

 received from Jefferson County, Ind. The scale was found also near 

 New Castle, Del., in Januar}^, 1895, and additional localities were dis- 

 covered during the following spring and summer of 1895 in some of 

 the States mentioned, as also in Alabama, Louisiana, and Massachu- 

 setts. In nearly every instance the source of infestation in the East 

 was the same, namely, one or the other of two important New Jersey 

 nurseries. 



PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INFESTATION IN THE EAST. 



As stated, nearly all the eastern occurrences of the San Jose scale 

 were traced to two large New Jersey nurseries, from which infested 

 stock had unwittingly been sent out broadcast for certainly six or seven 

 years. The damage thus done to the fruit interests of the East by 

 these nurserymen can hardly be estimated, and yet it must be admitted 

 that they were, in a measure, blameless, since they were undoubtedly 

 entirely unaware of the dangerous character of the scale insect which 

 infested their stock. We can hardly avoid the conclusion, however, 



