46 



THE SAN JOSE OK CHINESE SCALE. 



sometimes slightly curved, shape, characteristic of the sex, the exuvia 

 or cast larval skin showing near the anterior end. 



The male pro-pup^e are ver}^ pale 3^ellow, with the legs and antennae 

 (which have reappeared), together with the two or three terminal seg- 

 ments, colorless. The eyes are dark purple and placed close together. 

 The antennae are stout and bent closely along the edge of the bod}^ as 

 far as the first pair of legs, where they curve slightly inward. Promi- 

 nent wing pads extend along the sides of the body. The terminal 

 segment bears two short spines. 



The female undegroes a second molt about twenty days from the 

 larva. At each molt the old skin splits around the edge of the body, 

 the upper half adhering to the covering scale and the lower forming a 

 sort of ventral scale next to the bark. This form of molting is com- 

 mon to scales of this kind. 



7 



/ V 



v....# 



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o 



Fig. 4. — Development of male Sau Jose scale {Aspidiotm jicrnlcLosas): a, ventral view of larva after 

 first molt; h, same after second molt (pro-pupa stage); c and d, true pupa, ventral and dorsal views. 

 All greatly enlarged (from Howard and Marlatt). 



The covering scales at this stage are of a more purplish gray, the 

 portion covering the exuviee inclining to yellowish. The male scales 

 are more yellowish than the female. The effect of the sucking of the 

 insects is now quite apparent on the young growth, causing the bark 

 to assume a purplish hue for some distance around the central portion, 

 contrasting strongly with the natural reddish green of the uninjured 

 bark. With the second molt the females do not change materially 

 from their former appearance, retaining the pale yellow color with a 

 number of transparent spots around the edge of the bod3^ The suck- 

 ing bristles are extremely long, two or three times the length of the 

 body of the insect. The" only distinctive features are in the last seg- 

 ment and are noted in the technical description. 



About twenty days after birth the male insect transforms to the 

 true pupa. With the first molt the shed larval skin is retained beneath 

 the scale as in the case of the female; with the later raoltings the shed 

 skins are pushed out from beneath the scale. The scale after the 



