62 THE SAN JOSE OE CHINESE SCALE. 



overlooked in earlier publications from this Bureau, and the species 

 has not since been reared from any scale in an}^ part of the country. 

 The Koebele 1885 specimens are unique so far as known. 



PREDACEOUS INSECT ENEMIES. 

 NATIVE AND INTRODUCED ENEMIES OF OTHER SCALE-INSECTS. 



Practically all of the scale-feeding Coccinellidae, or ladybirds, ma}^ 

 feed on the larves or older specimens of the San Jose scale. A dozen 

 or more different species of ladybirds have been recorded in this coun- 

 tiy as attacking this scale insect. Our most important native scale- 

 feeding ladybird [Chilocoriis hivulnerus Muls.), commonly known as 

 the twice-stabbed lad^^bird, and represented bj^ one species or by a 

 number of closeh^ allied forms in different sections of the countr}^, 

 has not proven veiy efficient against the San eJose scale, at least in the 

 ^East, altho commonly found in infested orchards. Its presence in 

 eastern orchards, however, ma}^ often be accounted for b}" its being 

 attracted b}^ other native scale insects present in the same orchards. 

 It is a slow breeder, having in the North at least but one brood 

 annually, and seems to give ver}" little promise of being of any great 

 value as a means of controlling the San Jose scale in these sections of 

 the United States. In California and elsewhere on the Pacific coast, 

 but particularly in the Pacific coast region, the twice-stabbed ladybird 

 is a much more active and important means in keeping the San Jose 

 scale in check. It has been reported as multiplying enormously in 

 infested orchards in California and almost effecting the extermination 

 of this scale. Such a report was sent to us b}" Mr. N. W. Motheral 

 relative to orchards in Tulare County, Cal.'^ 



A large number of Coccinellidfe imported b}^ Mr. Koebele into Cali- 

 fornia and colonized there have been reported as attacking the San 

 Jose scale. The following species have been observed to have devel- 

 oped this habit: Rhhofjlms cleMlis Black, Orcus australasise Boisd., 

 RJdzolnus lo])hanthx Blaisdell, Orcus cltalyheus Boisd., and Micro- 

 weisea^ {Pentilia) mlsella Lee. The last named of these only is of any 

 importance as a means of controlling the San Jose scale. ^ Another 



« See Insect Life, Vol. V, p. 53. 



&See Cockerell, Can. Entom., Vol. XXXV, No. 2, p. 38, February, 1903. 



<^The efficiency against scale insect pests of citrus trees of certain of Mr. Koebele's 

 importations of foreign ladybirds into California led the State Horticultural Society 

 of New Jersey to secure in 1896 from the State legislature an appropriation of $1,000 

 for the purpose of importing into the State of New Jersey the natural enemies and 

 parasites from other States and countries. Acting under this appropriation, Dr. 

 John B. Smith, entomologist of the experiment station of New Jersey, visited Cali- 

 fornia and sent a large quantity of several species of Australian ladybirds to various 

 ]>laces in New Jersey, and some to Washington, D. C. Subsequent records of these 

 importations indicated that they were all unsuccessful, and not a sign of the imported 

 insects could be found in 1897. (See Report of Entomologist, New Jersey, 1897.) 



