Manchester Memoirs, Vol. lix. (191 5), No. 10. 51 



float over : but by far the majority depended upon the 

 services of a ferryman called "Turnface" (Breasted, p. 



65)- 



In later times (Middle Kingdom) a model boat, fully 

 equipped, was usually put in the tomb, " in order that the 

 deceased might have no difficulty in crossing the waters 

 to the happy isles." " By the pyramid of Sesostris III., in 

 the sands of the desert, there were even buried five large 

 Nile boats, intended to carry the king and his house 

 across these waters" (Breasted, p. 176). 



At a later period "the triumph of a Theban family 

 brought with it the supremacy of Araon. . . . His essential 

 character and individuality had already been obliterated 

 by the solar theology of the Middle Kingdom, when he 

 had become Amon-Re, and with some attributes borrowed 

 from his ithyphallic neighbour, Min of Coptos, he now 

 rose to a unique and supreme position of unprecedented 

 splendour" (6, p. 248). Thus there was added to this 

 " heliolithic " complex of ideas the definitely phallic 

 element : but one must confess that this aspect of the 

 culture did not become obtrusive until it was planted in 

 alien lands, where among the Phoenicians and the peoples 

 of India the phallic aspect became more strongly empha- 

 sised. From time to time various writers have striven to 

 demonstrate a phallic motive in almost every element of 

 the culture now under consideration. What I want to 

 make clear is that it was a late addition, which was rela- 

 tively insignificant in the original home of the culture. 



After this digression I must now return to the further 

 consideration of the mummies themselves. 



Direct examination of the mummified bodies does not, 

 of course, afford any certain evidence of the application 

 of oil or fat to the surface of the body. Large quantities 

 of fatty material were often found in the mouth and the 



