Manchester Memoirs, Vol. lix. (191 5), No. 10- 65 



late times (New Empire and later) in the Mediterranean 

 area, although certain effects of the Egyptian practice, 

 such for example as " extended burial," spread abroad 

 many centuries earlier, appearing in most regions during 

 the Eneolithic phase. 



The procedures revealed in the Canary Islands bear 

 no trace of the influence of Negro Africa to which I have 

 called attention {supra) in the Soudan, Uganda, the 

 Congo and the Niger. The details of the technique 

 suggests the method employed in the XXIst Dynasty; 

 and other features seem to point to the conclusion that 

 the practice must have reached the Canary Islands from 

 the Western Mediterranean through the Straits of Gib- 

 raltar, not improbably through Phoenician channels. 



[For a full critical discussion of all the literature 

 relating to Egyptian influence in West Africa see Dahse, 

 " Ein zweites Goldland Salomos," Zeitsch. f. Etlin., 1911, 

 p. 1. The mass of evidence collected in this memoir is 

 entirely corroborative of the conclusions at which I have 

 arrived from the study of mummification.] 



With reference to Babylonia Langdon (32) states : — 

 " Traces of embalming have not been found, but Herodotus 

 says that the Babylonians preserved in honey. But a 

 text has been discovered which mentions embalming with 

 cedar oil (cited by Meissner, Weiner Zeitsch. f. Kunde 

 des Morgenlandts, xii, 1898, p. 61). At any rate em- 

 balming is not characteristic of Babylonian burials and 

 the custom may be due to Egyptian influence." 



There can, I think, be no doubt whatever as to the 

 Egyptian origin of. these instances of embalming in 

 Babylonia. The mere fact of its sporadic occurrence in 

 a country of which it is not characteristic clearly points 

 to this conclusion, which is confirmed by the emphasis 

 laid upon the use of oil of cedar — a definite indication of 



