Manchester Memoirs, Vol. lix. (191 5), No. 10. 69 



elucidated with remarkable precision the ways and means 

 of, as well as the impelling motives for, the great migra- 

 tion to the East. This calls for some modification of the 

 foregoing (as well as many of the subsequent) paragraphs. 

 It has been seen that the great wave of culture carried 

 east and west from Egypt the distinctive method of 

 embalming that came into full use somewhere about 900 

 B.C. ; hence it is probable the eighth century B.C. witnessed 

 the commencement of the series of expeditions, which 

 probably extended over many centuries. It can be no 

 mere chance that the period indicated coincides with the 

 time when the Phoenicians were embarking upon mari- 

 time enterprises on a much greater and more daring scale 

 than the world had known until then, in the Mediterranean 

 and Atlantic, in the Red Sea and beyond. In the course 

 of their trading expeditions to the Bab-el-Mandeb these 

 Levantine mariners brought to that region a fuller know- 

 ledge of the customs aud practices of Egypt and of the 

 whole Phoenician world in the Mediterranean. It was 

 probably in this way and not by the Euphrates route that 

 the culture of the Levant reached the Persian Gulf and 

 India. 



The easterly migration of culture which set out from 

 the region of the Bab-el-Mandeb conveyed not only the 

 Ethiopian modifications of Egyptian practices, but also 

 the Egyptian and Mediterranean contributions which the 

 Phoenicians had brought to Ethiopia. On some future 

 occasion I shall discuss the important part played by the 

 Phoenicians in these expeditions to the Far East] 



It is unfortunate that practically nothing is known of 

 the practice of mummification on the Southern coast of 

 Arabia. Bent tells us that the Southern Arabians 

 preserved their dead. Moreover, as the Egyptians 

 obtained from Sabaea much of the materials used for 



