Manchester Memoirs, Vol lix. (1915), No. 10. 83 



" The civilization of Burmah, and other Indo-Chinese 

 countries, is ascribed by legend and by the native his- 

 torians to invaders from India. And these are connected 

 with the Naga People of Magadha, and of the north and 

 west of India. The ancient navigators, too, who carried 

 the Brahmanical and Buddhist religions, the worship of 

 the Naga, and the Sanscrit or Pali language to Java, 

 Sumatra, and even to distant Celebes, were Indian people. 

 And they were, doubtless, descendants of those Asura 

 dwellers in the ocean, which are mentioned in the 

 Mahabharata, and have already been referred to " (p. 166). 



" Another proof of the ancient connection of these 

 islands with India is that the Javan era is the Saka-kala, 

 which is so well known, and is still in use in parts of 

 Western India and in the Himalaya. According to a 

 Javan tradition an expedition from India, led by a son 

 of the king of Kujrat (Gujrat), arrived on the west coast 

 of the island about A.D. 603. A settlement was founded, 

 and the town of Mendan Kamalan was built. Other 

 Hindus followed, and a great trade was established with 

 the ports of India and other countries (Raffles, Hist. 

 Java, ii., 83). There is however no reason to suppose 

 that this was the first arrival of Indian voyagers in the 

 Archipelago. 



" Traditions still remain in Western India of expedi- 

 tions to Java. A Guzerati proverb runs thus : ' He who 

 goes to Java never comes back ; but if he does return, 

 his descendants, for seven generations, live at ease ' 

 {Bombay Gazetler, i., 402). The bards in Marwar have a 

 legend that Bhoj raja, the great puar chief of Ujaini, in 

 anger drove away his son Chandrabhan, who sailed to 

 Java [lb., i., 448). 



" Evidence brought forward by Mr. Kennedy 

 (/. R. A. S., April, 1898) shows that a great sea-borne 



