112 ELLIOT SMITH, Distribution of Mummification. 



by galleries running at right angles to each other were 

 raised- over the dead, whose dried bodies or mummies 

 have been found in considerable numbers, sometimes 

 erect, but more often in the sitting posture common to 

 the Indian tribes of both continents" (p. 54). 



In the light of the information concerning the practices 

 in other parts of the world, which I have collected in the 

 present memoir, there can be no doubt of the substantial 

 accuracy of these reports, and that they refer to real 

 embalming and not to mere natural desiccation. 



Hrdlicka has adduced positive evidence of the adop- 

 tion of embalming procedures (37). 



In his report, "Culture of the Ancient Pueblos of the 

 Upper Gila River Region, New Mexico and Arizona," 

 Walter Hough (36) publishes excellent photographs of 

 two mummies of babies, but he gives no information as to 

 the method of preservation. 



There are four Peruvian mummies in the Anatomical 

 Museum in the University of Manchester, three of which 

 are adults, and one of them a baby. In only one of them 

 is there any positive evidence of artificial measures having 

 been adopted for the preservation of the body, and in 

 this case the condition of the mummy was a most amaz- 

 ing one. The body was clad in woollen garments in the 

 usual way, and was wearing a woollen peaked cap, the 

 apex of which was furnished with a bunch of feathers. 

 The body was placed in a sitting position, and a large 

 wound extending across the trunk had been covered with 

 cloth strongly impregnated with resinous material. The 

 legs were sharply flexed upon the body and the arms 

 were bound up in front. But to my intense amazement I 

 found the shoulder blades on the front of the chest, and 

 on examination found that the thorax was turned back 

 to front. As the head was already separate there was 



