40 Mr. F. E. Beadard on the 
more accurately, they appear to do so. For it seems quite 
possible that the first pair of median central outgrowths 
which have been spoken of above as " catapophyses ^' are 
not really the equivalents of the succeeding catapophyses. 
Although the two processes of the sixth vertebra enclose a 
gutter between themselves, yet their position is rather 
different from that occupied by the catapophyses upon 
subsequent segments. Moreover, the non-correspondence 
of the ventral paired processes of vertebra 6 in Balearica 
"with the catapophyses lying upon the vertebrae which follow 
would seem to receive some support from a consideration 
of the nature and relations of processes upon corresponding 
vertebriE in Tetrapteryx paradisea ; in the latter Crane, 
unquestionable catapophyses begin upon the sixth vertebra, 
but on the vertebra in front of this is a slightly bifid median 
spine lying behind the fossa already referred to. It might, 
of course, be suggested that this spine is- the equivalent 
of the separate ventral processes of the sixth vertebra of 
Balearica. If we had only these two types to consider, the 
matter would be at least difficult to settle ; but it seems to 
me that an examination of Grus carunculata solves the whole 
difficulty. In this Crane the first pair of catapophyses are 
upon the 5th vertebra ; they are situated behind the fossa, 
but they are widely apart, so as to lie rather laterally as well 
as ventrally. These catapophyses belong to the category of 
the ventral processes which are not undoubted equivalents of 
those upon subsequent segments, but it will be observed 
that they approach them in the fact of their being more 
lateral in position. 
Now, on the next vertebra, i. e. the sixth, there are lateral 
processes which no one could possibly refuse to regard as 
true catapophyses ; and yet this vertebra has the median 
fossa of the one w^hich precedes it. It is rather less obvious, 
but still it unmistakably exists. The difficulty therefore of 
homologizing these processes seems to be removed by an 
examination of the present species. It seems permissible then 
to look upon the catapophyses as '' divided hypapophyses/' 
■which become more and more widelv divaricated and finally 
