368 Capt. B. Alexander on the 
any cry or alarm-note ; but the male, when flying, makes a 
peculiar noise with its wings, which can be heard at some 
distance. On hearing it, the female at once quits the tree 
where she is and follows the male. 
240. Mesopicus pyrrhogaster (Malli.). 
Mesopicus pyrrhogaster Hargitt, Cat. B. xviii. p. 373 ; 
Reichen. J. f. O. 1892, p. 18 (Togoland). 
Prahsu, Fumsu, and Kwissa. 
Common in the forest, haunting the dead trees in couples, 
the two birds always keeping close to one another. In order 
to ensure their places being known to each other, a loud 
drilling tap, answered immediately by the partnei', is made 
use of. 
241. ViNAGO WAALIA (Gm.). 
Vinago waalia Salvad. Cat. B. xxi. p. 15 ; Hartert, Nov. 
Zool. vi. p. 406 (Gambaga). 
Observed in small flocks at Gambaga. 
242. ViNAGo CALVA (Tcmm. & Knip). 
Vinago calva Salvad. Cat. B. xxi. p. 20. 
Treron calva Reichen. J. f. 0. 1897, p. 8 (Togoland). 
The female of this Pigeon differs from the male in being 
smaller, in having the vinous patch on the shoulder much 
less, and little or no French grey on the nape. 
243. CoLUMBA GYMNOCYCLA Gray. 
Columba gymnocijclus Salvad. Cat. B. xxi. p. 257; Hartert,. 
Nov. Zool. vi. p. 403 (Gambaga). 
Gambaga. 
Our two specimens, which are in fresh plumage, are a little 
paler on the upper parts than specimens from the Gambia 
in the British Museum. Intermediate shades, however, 
seem to occur between the dark forms and our paler examples, 
the dark birds probably coming from countries nearer the 
coast, where the rainfall is greater. We only observed these 
Pigeons at Gambaga, where they were very wild. They 
breed in holes in steep rocky declivities. About the middle 
of April they appeared in small flocks, in company with 
