Birds of Lucknow. 473 
on the surface of the country ; and, to come to more recent 
times, the eflFect of the famine year 1896, when the total 
only just reached 27", will be permanently shown in the 
disappearance of a number of jheels, which have since been 
converted into arable land. 
The following details give the rainfall for the past five 
years : — in. 
1896 27-10 
1897 30-46 
1898 45-92 
1899 35-33 
1900 33-43 
[The data for 1901 I have not yet been able to obtain.] 
From these figures it will be seen that of recent years the 
amount of rain experienced has been below what might 
reasonably have been expected, and, in consequence, many of 
the water-birds have to a great extent deserted us during the 
breeding-season. 
In order to give a fairly accurate idea of the general 
climatic conditions of Lucknow, I insert some recorded 
observations for 1898, which, except for its rather heavy 
rainfall, may be taken as a typical year : — 
Year 1898. 
Rainfall. 
Thermometer 
in shade. 
Bar. 
Humidity. 
Moutlis. 
Inches. 
Max. 
Min. 
Mean. 
Sat. = 100. 
January 
. 0- 
77-b 
46-0 
29-79 
71 
February . . . 
. 4-15 
73-5 
51-5 
29-65 
75 
March 
. 0-01 
91-5 
58-7 
29-65 
46 
April 
. 0-05 
96-6 
66-5 
29-48 
36 
May 
. 1-52 
106-6 
77-6 
29-42 
43 
June ....... 
. 7-77 
96-1 
79-3 
29-32 
67 
July 
. 9-02 
90-6 
79-0 
29-30 
84 
August 
. 14-08 
88-2 
78-0 
29-35 
85 
September . . . 
. 5-42 
89-0 
73-1 
29-49 
81 
October 
. 3-71 
90-0 
67-5 
29-65 
70 
November . . . 
. 0-00 
81-5 
51-7 
29-72 
73 
December . . . 
. 0-19 
75-7 
491 
29-77 
73 
In this table I have not included the highest tempera. 
