88 PREVENTIVE AND REMEDIAL WORK AGAINST MOSQUITOES. 



In order that the work of extermination may be thoroughly and systematically car- 

 ried out, the city council has notified all housekeepers in the infected sections of the 

 city to carefully examine their houses or apartments for mosquitoes and to destroy any 

 that may be found. Every household in the districts concerned has been furnished 

 by the city council with a large circular, which, in addition to information as to the 

 cause and spreading of malaria, contains advice as to the best means of destroying the 

 malaria mosquitoes. 



Certain dates have been specified between which the houses are to be searched and 

 the mosquitoes destroyed. At the expiration of the time specified inspectors ap- 

 pointed by the city council will visit each house and apartment and make careful 

 examinations to see that the work of exterminating the mosquitoes has been properly 

 carried out. Those who fail to comply with the legulations promptly and thoroughly 

 will be subject to a fine of about $7.50. 



WORK ALONG RIVER FRONTS IN EGYPT. 



Communities living along river fronts may have good antimos- 

 quito work hampered by the constant reintroduction of a mosquito 

 supply from boats landing at their river fronts. This point has been 

 especially noted in the course of the excellent work done at Khartoum. 

 The following passage is taken from the first report of the Wellcome 

 Laboratories, pages 21-22: 



At an early period the steamers were found to be largely infected, especially with 

 the larvse of Stegomyia fasciata, and to a less extent by those of Culex fatigans . Ano- 

 phelines, either as larvae or imagines, have never been met with; but up-country, as 

 will be noted later, the adults are frequently to be seen on board, and may remain as 

 passengers for a considerable period. At first it was decided to use lime for the steamer 

 bilges, but this was said, erroneously I believe, to act upon iron and to be unsuitable. 

 Consequently crude petroleum was recommended, though not so good nor so easily 

 applied. Along with this the periodical emptying of the bilge and fumigation with the 

 sulphur squibs described by Colonel Giles were advised, the latter to get rid of the 

 adult insects. Unfortunately in the case of the steamers, familiarity had evidently 

 bred contempt, for, at first, despite the cooperation of the director of the steamers and 

 boats department, little energy was displayed by the engineers in charge and the 

 preventive measures were largely ignored, and in some instances even ridiculed. This 

 was the more to be regretted, as there is no doubt that mosquitoes can be banished from 

 all the steamers if a little care and trouble were taken. Mr. Beadnell, of the Geological 

 Survey, carried out these simple methods on the S. S. "Nubia," and practically 

 cleared her of mosquitoes, so that for the first time he was able to sleep below in com- 

 fort. A great improvement also resulted in the case of the gunboal "Zafir," in which 

 I went to Dueim and found to be simply swarming with adult Culices and their larvae, 

 while these measures absolutely prevented any mosquitoes breeding out on board the 

 S. S. "Amka" during a period of nearly two months, the greater part of which was 

 passed in regions swarming with these winged pests. Latterly, I am glad to say, the 

 engineers have been impressed with the necessity of doing all in their power to aid the 

 brigade. This is the more necessary, as it is easy for the steamers to infect the town 

 and thus spoil much of the work done and render it futile. I am certain that this has 

 occurred in many instances * * *. 



