20 



THE GRAPE ROOT-WORM. 



The mandibles and the margin of the clypeus and areas around the 

 antennae are almost black. The anterior margin of the upper lip is 

 armed with short and stout spines (hg. 8, b), and as the inner surface 

 is reenforced by chitinous ridges extending inward, its function is 

 probably that of a scraper. The setae on the head and on the cervical 

 shield are rather prominent ; those on the sides and back of the body 



are less conspicuous. The 

 ventral parts of the abdomi- 

 nal segments are armed with 

 strong spines, which are 

 particularly large on the 

 fourth to the eighth seg- 

 ments. These project ob- 

 liquely backward and are 

 properly termed ambula- 

 tory setse. The legs are 

 slender and proportionately 

 very small. Normally the 

 larva assumes a curved posi- 

 tion (fig. 8, a). The anterior 

 portion of the body can be 

 straightened out at will, but 

 the hinder parts remain 

 curved, which is character- 

 istic of the larvae of most 

 underground beetles. The 

 newly hatched larva is little 

 over 1 mm. in length and 

 of slender form; the legs 

 are relatively large, and the set^ of the entire body are long and 

 prominent. 



THE PUPA. 



(PL I, figs. 7-9; text fig. 9.) 



The length of the pupa is from 8 to 10 mm. When newly trans- 

 formed it is whitish, with a slightly pinkish tinge, which in a few days 

 after pupation disappears and the pupa becomes white. The upper 

 part of the head and anterior margin of the thorax are armed mth 

 large spines; each anterior and posterior femur is armed with one 

 curved hooklike spine and two straight, more slender spines. The 

 middle femora have only hairlike bristles. The posterior end of the 

 abdomen carries two stout, flattened hooks, curved upward, and 

 several pairs of spines and bristles (fig. 9, c and d). The pupa in the 



Fig. 10.— The grape root-worm: Adult or beetle 

 enlarged. (Original.) 



Much 



