REMEDIAL MEASURES. 61 



strated in Doctor Felt's reports of his experiments published by the 

 New York State Museum. (See Bibhography, p. 93.) 



Experiments with arsenical sprays against the pest during the 

 early part of the New York investigations, although giving more 

 encouraging results than those obtained in Ohio, were not so con- 

 clusive as could have been desired. By persistent experiment with 

 improved spraying apparatus and increased strength of arsenicals, 

 and thorough and heavy applications where desirable. Professor 

 Siingerland was able toward the end of his investigations to secure 

 results with poison sprays which showed that in the hands of the 

 thorough vineyardist very effective results could be obtained. 



Unfortunately these field experiments with arsenicals were not 

 conducted for a number of consecutive seasons on the same blocks of 

 vineyards. This makes it impossible to determine the cumulative 



Fig. 28.— Horse hoe used in removing the soil from beneath the trellis in vineyards. (Original.) 



benefits of the treatments in preventing infestation on the sprayed 

 portion as compared with the injury wrought by the insect on the 

 untreated portion of the vineyard. 



CULTURAL METHODS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF PUP^. 



Prior to the appearance of the grape root-worm in destructive 

 numbers in the Lake Erie grape belt about the first cultural operation 

 of the season performed by vineyardists was to remove the soil 

 from beneath the trellis with a horse hoe (fig. 28) to a depth of 3 or 4 

 inches. This operation removed all of this layer of soil beneath the 

 trellis with the exception of a few inches directly around the base 

 of the vine which was removed later with a hand hoe. Almost 

 immediately following these operations a furrow was thrown back 

 under the trellis with a 1 -horse plow, and the remaining space between 

 the rows of grapes was stirred with a gang-plow and followed by sev- 

 eral cultivations during the season. With the discovery that the 

 grape root-worm larva has the habit of coming near the surface of 



