REMEDIAL MEASURES. 67 



foliage of the young vines. By June 30, when our attention was called 

 to the infestation, the leaves of many of the plants were badly riddled 

 by the beetles (see fig. 29) . At our suggestion Mr. Pierce sprayed part 

 of these young vines quite thoroughly, using Bordeaux mixture and 

 3 pounds arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of the mixture. This applica- 

 tion was made with a hand spray pump mounted on a grape wagon, 

 and the spray was directed at the plants by a man following behind 

 the wagon and carrying an extension rod with two nozzles at the end 

 and connected with the spray pump by a long lead of hose. In this 

 way 4 rows of vines could be treated from the wagon. The vines 

 were sprayed on the afternoon of June 30. It should also be stated 

 that the portion of the old vineyard not removed in the spring and 

 adjoining the young vines was treated at the same time. On the 

 afternoon of July 1 an examination was made of the eifect of the 

 treatment of the previous day. Only a few beetles were found on the 

 young vines as compared with the large numbers present previous to 

 the application of the poison spray. Close examination of the soil 

 beneath the vines disclosed the presence of a large number of dead 

 beetles. Eighteen dead beetles were found beneath one vine, and 

 under a number of others from 3 to 10 dead beetles were found. In 

 addition to this we observed that a small brown ant was very actively 

 removing evidence of the direct effect of the poison by tearing to 

 pieces the dead beetles and often dragging away the whole body of 

 the beetle. Wing-covers, heads, and legs of several beetles were to be 

 seen beneath a single vine, and in several cases ants were observed to 

 attack the beetles before they were quite dead. 



A visit was also made to the old trellised vines adjoining them, 

 anticipating evidence of a wholesale migration of beetles from the 

 young vines to the denser foliage of the old vines. Such, however, 

 was not the case; although there was evidence of considerable feed- 

 ing at an earlier date, few beetles were now observed on the vines. 

 Several dead beetles were found beneath these old vines, and frag- 

 ments of beetles and their wing-covers were also observed. A few 

 days later a second application of Bordeaux mixture and arsenate 

 of lead was made on these vines to take care of later emerging beetles. 

 On a visit to these young vines July 10 not more than 4 live beetles 

 were observed, although more than an hour was spent in the block, 

 and not a single dead beetle was found on the ground beneath the 

 vines, although fragments of their bodies were in evidence. If this 

 timely application of a poison spray had not been made, the young 

 vines would have been seriously injured by the feeding of the bee- 

 tles; for it not infrequently happens that the beetles, where they 

 are numerous and the foliage limited, as in this case, riddle the 

 foliage and tear it into shreds until it has the appearance of being 

 singed by fire. 



