﻿The 
  Fauka 
  of 
  the 
  Niagara 
  Group. 
  157 
  

  

  Spirifera 
  crispa 
  {Hisinger). 
  

  

  Plate 
  24, 
  Figs 
  6-12 
  and 
  19. 
  

   For 
  Synonymy 
  and 
  description 
  of 
  species, 
  see 
  Pal. 
  N. 
  Y., 
  vol. 
  ii, 
  p. 
  262. 
  1852. 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  occurs 
  in 
  considerable 
  numbers 
  in 
  the 
  Waldron 
  

   collections, 
  presenting 
  the 
  same 
  variety 
  of 
  form 
  and 
  propor- 
  

   tions 
  that 
  we 
  find 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  species 
  in 
  New 
  York. 
  Many 
  

   of 
  the 
  specimens, 
  however, 
  are 
  larger 
  and 
  more 
  rotund 
  than 
  

   the 
  latter. 
  

  

  There 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  no 
  sufficient 
  reason 
  for 
  separating 
  this 
  

   form 
  from 
  8. 
  crispa 
  of 
  Europe. 
  

  

  Spirifera 
  crispa 
  var. 
  simplex 
  n. 
  var. 
  

  

  Plate 
  24, 
  Figs 
  1-5. 
  

  

  Spirifer 
  crispus 
  var. 
  Hall. 
  Trans. 
  Alb. 
  Inst., 
  vol. 
  iv, 
  p. 
  212. 
  Abstract 
  p. 
  18; 
  

   May, 
  1863. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  numerous 
  small 
  symmetrical 
  specimens 
  which 
  

   have 
  almost 
  uniformly 
  a 
  single 
  plication 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  

   mesial 
  fold, 
  presenting 
  three 
  folds 
  of 
  nearly 
  equal 
  size. 
  The 
  

   ventral 
  valve 
  has 
  two 
  folds 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  mesial 
  sinus, 
  

   and 
  the 
  valves 
  are 
  almost 
  equally 
  convex. 
  The 
  surface 
  is 
  

   marked 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  larger 
  specimens. 
  

  

  Spirifera 
  radiata 
  Sowerby. 
  

  

  Plate 
  24, 
  Figs 
  20-30. 
  

   For 
  Synonymy, 
  see 
  20th 
  Rept. 
  State 
  Cab. 
  Nat. 
  Hist., 
  p. 
  371. 
  1867. 
  

  

  Large 
  and 
  fine 
  specimens 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  con- 
  

   siderable 
  abundance. 
  The 
  individuals 
  are 
  larger 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  

   much 
  finer 
  state 
  of 
  preservation 
  than 
  those 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   Niagara 
  shales 
  of 
  New 
  York. 
  The 
  form 
  is 
  more 
  rotund, 
  the 
  

   cardinal 
  extremities 
  more 
  distinctly 
  rounded, 
  the 
  ventral 
  area 
  

   of 
  moderate 
  height 
  and 
  distinctly 
  striated 
  longitudinally, 
  

   and 
  the 
  foramen 
  is 
  often 
  partially 
  covered 
  by 
  a 
  deltidium. 
  

   The 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  a 
  well-preserved 
  specimen 
  of 
  the 
  

   ventral 
  valve, 
  as 
  it 
  occurs 
  at 
  Waldron, 
  is 
  well 
  represented 
  by 
  

   fig. 
  25, 
  of 
  plate 
  viii, 
  in 
  Mr. 
  Davidson's 
  Introduction 
  to 
  the 
  

   Study 
  of 
  the 
  Brachiopoda. 
  

  

  This 
  form 
  is 
  regarded 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Davidson 
  and 
  other 
  authors, 
  

   as 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  S. 
  plicatella 
  of 
  Linneus, 
  but 
  I 
  have 
  never 
  

   seen 
  among 
  the 
  American 
  specimens 
  any 
  individual 
  showing 
  

  

  