194 



Proceedings. 



easterly (N.E. to S.E.). The smoke from the works in 

 St. Helens had been . carried over Eccleston and on to 

 Knowsley Park, from Sutton over Sherdley Park and on to 

 Sutton Heath. Both sets of samples were found to con- 

 tain sulphuric and muriatic acids. The fixed points to 

 start from were, in St. Helens, the old Ravenhead Copper 

 Works, in Sutton, Newton, Keates & Co.'s Copper Works 

 The St. Helens samples were taken : — 



1,320 yards distant from the Ravenhead Works, going West. 



1,800 



33 



53 



33 



33 



2,400 



33 



33 



33 



)3 



4,000 



33 



33 



33 



3! 



The Sutton samples were 



taken: — 





700 yards from 



Sutton Copper Works 



, going West. 



1,230 



3> 



33 



33 



33 



1,760 



33 



33 



33 



33 



2,360 



33 



33 



3? 



!> 



The samples contained :— 







St. 



Helens. 







Sutton. 



Distance. 

 Yards. 



Grains per gallon. 



Sulphuric Muriatic 



acid. acid. 



Distance. 

 Yards. 



Grains per gallon. 



Sulphuric Muriatic 



acid. acid. 



1,320 



34"2 



10-5 



700 



IO'O 5'2 



I,8oO 



22'3 



13-8 



1,230 



5'5 4'5 



2,400 



7-0 



7 "3 



2,360 



3'3 i' 6 



4,400 



4' 1 



5" 1 







There was a deposit of sooty matter on the snow, and, 

 when the samples of snow thawed, the water was dis- 

 coloured by the deposit, the sample collected nearest St. 

 Helens being quite black, the blackness diminishing in each 

 bottle as the distance increased, the most distant being only 

 slightly discoloured. The number of works and houses in 

 the St. Helens centre was much larger than the number in 

 the Sutton district. It is to be noticed how the heavier 

 acid, the sulphur acid, falls more rapidly than the muriatic 

 acid. Observations made in summer of the vegetation, 

 crops, and trees, bear out these chemical tests, showing how 

 the injury gradually decreases as the distance increases." 



